From: Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?What_are_Quark?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?s?= Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2003 18:09:34 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_01EC_01C33369.4660AF70"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.3314.1001 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_01EC_01C33369.4660AF70 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: =?iso-8859-1?B?aHR0cDovL3d3dy5oZXA=?= =?iso-8859-1?B?Lnlvcmt1LmNhL3loZXA=?= =?iso-8859-1?B?L3F1YXJrcy5odG1s?= What are Quarks

=20

What are Quarks?

To start with, there are six types of quarks (plus their six = antiquarks),=20 which are coupled into three pairs. They are the up-down, the = charm-strange, and=20 the top-bottom (sometimes known as truth-beauty). Another interesting = fact about=20 quarks is that you can never find one by itself, as they are always with = other=20 quarks arranged to form a composite particle. The name for these = composite=20 particles is "hadrons". Quarks, like protons and electrons, have = electric=20 charge. However, their electric charges are fractional charges, either = 2/3 or=20 -1/3 (-2/3 and 1/3 for antiquarks), and they always arrange to form = particles=20 with an integer charge (ie. -1, 0, 1, 2...).

Flavour Mass
(GeV/c²) Electric Charge
(e)

u up 0.004 +2/3

d down 0.08 -1/3

c charm 1.5 +2/3

s strange 0.15 -1/3

t top 176 +2/3

b bottom 4.7 -1/3

Flavour	Mass (GeV/c²)	Electric Charge (e)
u	up	0.004	+2/3
d	down	0.08	-1/3
c	charm	1.5	+2/3
s	strange	0.15	-1/3
t	top	176	+2/3
b	bottom	4.7	-1/3

Because quarks join with eachother to form particles with integer = charge,=20 not every kind of combination of quarks is possible. There are two basic = types=20 of hadrons. They are baryons, which are composed of three quarks, and = mesons=20 which are made up of a quark and an antiquark. Two examples of a baryon = are the=20 neutron and the proton.

The proton is composed of two up quarks and one = down=20 quark. As you can see, when the charges from the individual quarks = are=20 added up, you arrive at the familiar charge of +1 for the=20 proton.

The neutron is made up of two down quarks and one = up=20 quark. Again, adding the charges from the quarks up, we arrive at=20 zero.

An example of a meson is the pion. It is composed = of an=20 up quark and a down antiquark. Because mesons are a combination of = particle and antiparticle, they tend to be very unstable and decay = very=20 quickly.

So we've now talked about quarks, but there is still the other family = of=20 elementary particles to talk about, the "leptons", = which we will=20 now discuss.

=20

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