From: Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?The_Developmen?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?t_of_the_Canon?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?_of_the_New_Te?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?stament_-_Writ?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?ings?= Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2004 12:06:25 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: =?iso-8859-1?Q?http://www.ntc?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?anon.org/writi?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?ngs.shtml?= X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.3314.1001 The Development of the Canon of the New Testament - = Writings

The Development of the Canon of the New Testament

Home | Authorities |=20

Writings

Apocryphal New=20 Testament Writings

Gospel of=20 Thomas
Gospel of=20 Truth
Gospel=20 of the Twelve
Gospel of=20 Peter
Gospel=20 of Basilides
Gospel=20 of the Egyptians
Gospel=20 of the Hebrews
Gospel=20 of Matthias
Traditions=20 of Matthias
Preaching=20 of Peter
Acts of=20 Andrew
Acts of=20 Paul
Acts of=20 John
Epistle=20 to the Laodiceans
I=20 Clement
Epistle=20 of Barnabas
Didache
Shepherd=20 of Hermas
Apocalypse=20 of = Peter

Apocryphal New Testament Writings

An early Christian writings is considered in this survey if it = is=20 mentioned by name, or quoted from in a "scriptural" context by one = of the=20 Early = Christian=20 Authorities. For a visual summary of the opinions of the = writings see=20 the Cross Reference = Table. Here is a summary of information on the 19 writings = included:=20

Writing Date CE Place Manuscripts English Translation(s)

Gospel=20 of Thomas ~150 eastern Syria Codex II Nag Hammadi (Coptic, Sahidic = dialect)
Oxyrhynchus=20 Papyrus I (Greek)
Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 654 = (Greek)
Oxyrhynchus=20 Papyrus 655 (Greek) [Robinson] = pp. 126-138
[Elliot]=20 pp. 135-147
Alexander = Walker=20 Esq. [New Advent]
Stephe= n=20 Patterson and Marvin Meyer
Thomas = O.=20 Lambdin
Lambdin = and=20 Layton
W. = R.=20 Schoedel
Stuart = D.=20 Shoemaker
Paterson=20 Brown
K. C.=20 Hanson
Berlin=20 Working Group for Coptic Gnostic Writings
Ecumenical = Coptic=20 Project
Interlinear=20 Coptic/English
Interlinear=20 Greek/English

Gospel of=20 Truth 140-180 Rome ? Codex I Nag Hammadi (Coptic) [Robinson] = pp. 40-51
Robert=20 M. Grant [Gnostic Society Library]
Harold = W.=20 Attridge and George W. MacRae [Gnostic Society Library] =

Gospel of=20 the Twelve 2nd century ? no surviving fragments none

Gospel of=20 Peter 100-130 Syria? Akhm=EEm = Fragment (Greek)
fragment discovered at Oxyrhynchus=20 (Greek)
[Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 1 pp. 223-226
[Elliot]=20 pp. 135-147
M.R.=20 James [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
Henry Barclay=20 Swete
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]
Rober= ts-Donaldson=20 [Early Christian Writings]
M.R.=20 James [Early Christian Writings]
Raymond = Brown
Andr= ew=20 Bernhard
Sam = Gibson=20

Gospel of=20 Basilides 2nd century ? no surviving fragments none

Gospel=20 of the Egyptians first half of
2nd century Egypt? fragments quoted by Cle= ment,=20 Hippolytus, and Epiphanius [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 1 pp. 209-212
[Elliot]=20 pp. 17-19
= M.=20 R. James [Early Christian Writings]

Gospel of=20 the Hebrews middle of
2nd century Egypt fragments quoted by Cyril of Jerusalem, Cleme= nt,=20 Origen= ,=20 and Jerome [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 1 pp. 177-178
[Elliot]=20 pp. 9-10
M.= R.=20 James [Early Christian Writings]
Philipp=20 Vielhauer and George Ogg [Early Christian Writings] =
Burton=20 H. Throckmorton and Willis Barnstone [Early Christian = Writings]=20

Gospel=20 of Matthias first half of
2nd century Alexandria fragments quoted by Clement [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 1 p. 383
[Elliot]=20 p. 20

Traditions=20 of Matthias " " " "

Preaching of=20 Peter 100-120 Egypt fragments quoted by Clement = and Origen [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 2 pp. 37-40
[Elliot]=20 pp. 21-24
M= .=20 R. James [Early Christian Writings]

Acts of=20 Andrew 150-200 ? Liber de miraculis by Gregory
P. Utrech 1=20 (Coptic)
Armenian Martyrdom
5 Greek recensions of = final=20 part
Extracts handed down in Greek [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 2 pp. 118-151
[Elliot]=20 pp. 245-302
M.=20 R. James [Early Christian Writings]
M. = R.=20 James [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]

Acts = of=20 Paul 185-195 Asia Minor P. of the Hamburg ... (Greek)
P. No. 1 in Heidelberg=20 (Coptic)
Acta Pauli et Theclae
Corr. between=20 Corinthians and Paul
Martyrium Pauli [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 2 pp. 237-265
[Elliot]=20 pp. 364-379
M.=20 R. James [Early Christian Writings]
M. = R.=20 James [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]
?? = [The=20 Seraphim Files]

Acts = of=20 John 2nd half of
2nd century East Syria large stock of Greek texts
Greek P. Oxyrhynchus = 850 [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 2 pp. 172-212
[Elliot]=20 pp. 310-347
M.=20 R. James [Early Christian Writings]
M. = R.=20 James [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]

Epistle=20 to the Laodiceans 2nd-4th century ? codex Fuldensis (Latin, 546 CE)
+ 100 other Vulgate=20 manuscripts [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 2 pp. 44-45
[Elliot]=20 p. 546
M. R.=20 James [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? [The=20 Seraphim Files]

I=20 Clement 95-96 Rome codex Alexandrinus (Greek)
codex=20 Hierosolymitanus (Greek)
11th c. MS (Latin)
12th = c. NT MS=20 (Syriac)
4th c. MS (Coptic)
7th c. MS (Coptic) [LHH]=20 pp. 28-64
[Richardson]<= /A>=20 pp. 43-73
J.=20 B. Lightfoot [Early Christian Writings]
C= harles=20 Hoole [Early Christian Writings]
Roberts-Donaldson=20 [Early Christian Writings]
J.=20 B. Lightfoot [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]
?? [The=20 Seraphim Files]

Epistle of=20 Barnabas 70-135 Alexandria codex=20 Sinaiticus, 4th. c. (Greek)
codex=20 Hierosolymitanus (Greek)
9 late related MSS = (Greek)
MS of=20 unknown date (Latin) [LHH]=20 pp. 162-188
J.=20 B. Lightfoot [Early Christian Writings]
C= harles=20 Hoole [Early Christian Writings]
Ki= rsopp=20 Lake [Early Christian Writings]
Roberts-Donaldson=20 [Early Christian Writings]
J. = B. Lightfoot [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]
?? = [The=20 Seraphim Files]

Didache 70-200 ? codex=20 Hierosolymitanus (Greek) [LHH]=20 pp. 149-158
[Richardson]<= /A>=20 pp. 171-179
J.=20 B. Lightfoot [Early Christian Writings]
= Roberts-Donaldson=20 [Early Christian Writings]
Ch= arles=20 H. Hoole [Early Christian Writings]
Kir= sopp=20 Lake [Early Christian Writings]
Ivan = Lewis=20 [Ivan Lewis]
Ben=20 H. Swett [bswett.com]
J.=20 B. Lightfoot [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]
J. B.=20 Lightfoot [The Seraphim Files]
Charles=20 H. Hoole [The Orthodox Christian = Foundation]

Shepherd of=20 Hermas 90-175 Rome? codex=20 Sinaiticus, 4th. c. (Greek)
codex Athous, 14-15th c.=20 (Greek)
P. Michigan 129, 3rd c. (Greek)
Vulgate = translation=20 (Latin)
MS (Ethiopic) [LHH]=20 pp. 194-290
Roberts= -Donaldson=20 [Early Christian Writings]
J.=20 B. Lightfoot [Early Christian Writings]
J.=20 B. Lightfoot [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
F. = Crombie [Christian Classics Ethereal Library]
?? = [The=20 Seraphim Files]

Apocalypse=20 of Peter ~135 Egypt Akhm=EEm Fragment (Greek)
MS discovered in 1910 = (Ethiopic) [Schneemel= cher]=20 v. 2 pp. 625-635
[Elliot]=20 pp. 600-612
M.=20 R. James [Early Christian Writings]
Roberts-Donaldson=20 [Early Christian Writings]
M. = R.=20 James [Noncanonical Homepage]
?? = [New=20 Advent]
??=20 [Christian Classics Ethereal = Library]

Four of the above writings -- I Clement, Epistle of Barnabas, = Didache,=20 Shepherd of Hermas -- are part of the collection called the Apostolic=20 Fathers. English translations of them can be found in other = books in=20 addition to [LHH]. = The other=20 Apostolic Fathers are not in this survey because they were not = mentioned=20 in a scriptural context by any of the Early Christian=20 Authorities.=20

Two of the above writings - Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Truth - = are=20 part of the Nag Hammadi library. English translations of all these = writings can be found in [Robinson].= =20 The other Nag Hammadi writings are not in this survey because they = were=20 not mentioned in a scriptural context by any of the Early Christian=20 Authorities.=20

There are other apocryphal New Testament writings that are not = in the=20 scope of this survey because they were not mentioned by name by an = early=20 authority, or because any allusions or quotations were not = sufficiently=20 explicit, in my opinion. A writing almost included is The Third = Epistle=20 of Paul to the Corinthians. It was considered scripture by the = Syrian=20 Fathers - Aphraat (~340 CE) and Ephraem (d. 373 CE). Curiously, it = forms=20 part of the composite Acts of = Paul, but=20 neither writing was included in the Syrian Church's version of the = Bible -=20 the Peshitta. Some=20 other examples are: The Protoevangelium of James, The = Infancy=20 Gospel of Thomas, The Gospel of Nicodemus, The Acts = of=20 Peter, The Letters of Christ and Abgar, The = Apocalypse of=20 Paul, etc. For much longer lists see [Schneemel= cher]=20 , [Elliot],=20 the Noncanonical=20 Homepage, and Early=20 Christian Writings.

Pages created by Glenn Davis, 1997-2004.
For = additions,=20 corrections, and comments send e-mail to mailto:gdavis@ntcanon.org