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                <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"100%"><FONT=20
                  face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3><BR>
                  <P><FONT face=3D"Arial, Sans" size=3D-2><I>Reason =
&amp;=20
                  Revelation</I>, April 2003, 23[4]:25-31</FONT></P>
                  <P><FONT size=3D-2>Copyright =A9 2003 Apologetics =
Press, Inc., All=20
                  Rights Reserved</FONT></P>
                  <HR>

                  <CENTER>
                  <P>
                  <H3>THE MYTH OF =93FACTUAL=94 BIBLE =
CONTRADICTIONS</H3>
                  <P><B>Eric Lyons, M.Min.</B></CENTER>
                  <P>His preacher described the young man as a =93solid=20
                  Christian.=94 He was a devout follower of Christ who =
was=20
                  enthusiastic about living for Jesus. From the time he =
was a=20
                  young boy, his grandmother had taken him to worship =
God on the=20
                  first day of every week. After becoming a Christian, =
he had,=20
                  according to his preacher, =93attended every service =
of the=20
                  church.=94 He grew in the faith, and began taking part =
in=20
                  leading the congregation in prayer. Later, he =
personally=20
                  taught the congregation by occasionally standing =
before the=20
                  church and reading the Bible to them aloud, at times =
even=20
                  delivering short talks. Before departing for the =
university=20
                  (about an hour away from his hometown), the young =
18-year-old=20
                  from West Virginia was considered by those who knew =
him best=20
                  as a dedicated Christian with impressive =
potential=97one whose=20
                  shield of faith would stand strong when worldliness =
attacked,=20
                  and whose foundation would remain firm when shaken by =
the=20
                  devil=92s doctrines.=20
                  <P>Sadly, only a short time passed before this young =
man lost=20
                  his faith. He went to college as a believer in the God =
of the=20
                  Bible, and came home an =93enlightened=94 skeptic. One =
of the=20
                  first classes he took at the university was an =
elective course=20
                  on world religions. Initially, he thought he could =
handle=20
                  whatever questions came his way about Christianity. He =
had=20
                  memorized numerous verses in the Bible. He knew all =
about the=20
                  uniqueness of the church. He even could tell people =
what to do=20
                  in order to have their sins forgiven. It took, =
however, little=20
                  time for <B>one</B> teacher in <B>one</B> class in =
<B>one</B>=20
                  university to turn this =93solid Christian=94 into an =
unbeliever.=20
                  <P>What led to the demise of this young man=92s belief =
in God,=20
                  and the Bible as His Word? Why did this young =
Christian=92s=20
                  faith crumble so easily? It all began with his =
inability to=20
                  handle the =93factual discrepancies=94 that his newly =
found=20
                  friends had convinced him were in the Bible. When =
asked to=20
                  explain to his teacher and fellow classmates how =
hundreds of=20
                  =93Bible contradictions=94 are not contradictions at =
all, but=20
                  simply misunderstandings on man=92s part, he would=20
                  not...<B>because he could not</B>. After being =
bombarded with=20
                  hundreds of questions that he was incapable of =
answering,=20
                  eventually he began denying the truths he once =
believed. Not=20
                  long after this young man=92s =93transformation,=94 he =
gave one of=20
                  his childhood mentors (the preacher of the church =
where he was=20
                  reared) a document titled =93Factual Discrepancies.=94 =
That=20
                  document (of which I have a copy) contains nearly =
seventy=20
                  alleged =93factual=94 contradictions that supposedly =
are found=20
                  within the Bible. Because this frustrated young man =
from West=20
                  Virginia (who had been taught the Bible his whole =
life) was=20
                  unable to answer these allegations, he gave up on the =
God of=20
                  the Bible. His faith in the inerrant, inspired Word of =
God was=20
                  replaced with the vacuousness of a skeptic=92s =
uncertainty=97all=20
                  because he was unable to defend the Truth against the =
vicious,=20
                  frequent attacks leveled against it by infidelity.=20
                  <P>I wonder how many times this true story could be =
rehearsed=20
                  by mothers and fathers all over the world? How many=20
                  grandmothers (like the one mentioned above) have seen =
their=20
                  =93work=94 (cf. 1 Corinthians 3:12-15) destroyed at =
the hands of=20
                  infidels? How many young college students leave home =
as=20
                  =93solid=94 Christians, and return four years later as =

                  =93enlightened=94 skeptics?=20
                  <P>This issue of <I>Reason &amp; Revelation</I> is =
dedicated=20
                  to answering six of the list of seventy alleged =
=93factual=94=20
                  Bible contradictions the young West Virginian was =
presented at=20
                  the university. It is my hope that you will see how =
easily=20
                  these allegations can be answered=97logically and =
truthfully.=20
                  [The numbers of each =93contradiction=94 match those =
on the list=20
                  given to the young man. Our responses to most of the =
others=20
                  can be found on the =93<A=20
                  =
href=3D"http://www.apologeticspress.org/rr/abdiscr/abdiscr.htm">Alleged=20
                  Discrepancies</A>=94 section of the Apologetics Press =
Web site.]=20

                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>=93FACTUAL=94 CONTRADICTION #2</H4></DIV>
                  <P>
                  <H4>Animals or Man Created First?</H4>
                  <P>After reading the first two chapters of the Bible, =
some=20
                  skeptics, in an attempt to disprove the Bible=92s =
inerrancy,=20
                  have accused the writer of Genesis of erring in regard =
to the=20
                  record of events occurring on day six of creation. =
While=20
                  Genesis 1:24-27 plainly indicates that man was created =

                  <B>after</B> the animals, critics claim that Genesis =
2:18-19=20
                  teaches that man was created <B>before </B>animals. =
Skeptics=20
                  assert that such language by the author of Genesis =
proves that=20
                  the Bible is not divinely inspired.=20
                  <P>Some Bible students resolve this alleged =
contradiction by=20
                  explaining that the Hebrew verb translated =
=93formed=94 could have=20
                  been translated =93had formed.=94 In his <I>Exposition =
of=20
                  Genesis</I>, H.C. Leupold wrote:=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Without any emphasis on the sequence of =
acts,=20
                    the account here records the making of the various =
creatures=20
                    and the bringing of them to man. That in reality =
they had=20
                    been made prior to the creation of man is so =
entirely=20
                    apparent from chapter one as not to require =
explanation. But=20
                    the reminder that God had =93molded=94 them makes =
obvious His=20
                    power to bring them to man and so is quite =
appropriately=20
                    mentioned here. <B>It would not, in our estimation, =
be wrong=20
                    to translate <I>yatsar</I> as a pluperfect in this =
instance:=20
                    =93He had molded.=94 </B>The insistence of the =
critics upon a=20
                    plain past is partly the result of the attempt to =
make=20
                    chapters one and two clash at as many points as =
possible=20
                    (1942, p. 130, emp. added).</BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>Hebrew scholar Victor Hamilton agreed with =
Leupold=92s=20
                  assessment of Genesis 2:19, as he also recognized that =
=93it is=20
                  possible to translate formed as =91had =
formed=92&nbsp;=94 (1990, p.=20
                  176). Keil and Delitzsch stated in the first volume of =
their=20
                  Old Testament commentary that =93our modern style for =
expressing=20
                  the same thought [which the Holy Spirit via Moses =
intended to=20
                  communicate=97<FONT size=3D-1>EL</FONT>] would be =
simply this:=20
                  =91God brought to Adam the beasts which He <B>had</B>=20
                  formed=92&nbsp;=94 (1996, emp. added). Adding even =
more credence=20
                  to this interpretation is the fact that the New =
International=20
                  Version renders the verb in verse 19, not as simple =
past=20
                  tense, but rather as a pluperfect: =93Now the Lord God =
<B>had=20
                  formed</B> out of the ground all the beasts of the =
field and=20
                  all the birds of the air=94 (emp. added). Although =
Genesis=20
                  chapters 1 and 2 agree even when <I>yatsar</I> is =
translated=20
                  simply =93formed,=94 it is important to note that the =
four Hebrew=20
                  scholars mentioned above, and the translators of the =
<FONT=20
                  size=3D-1>NIV</FONT>, all believe that it <B>could</B> =
(or=20
                  should) be rendered =93had formed.=94 And, as Leupold=20
                  acknowledged, those who deny this possibility do so =
(at least=20
                  partly) because of their insistence on making the two =
chapters=20
                  <B>dis</B>agree.=20
                  <P>The main reason that skeptics do not see harmony in =
the=20
                  events recorded in the first two chapters of the Bible =

                  (especially regarding the order of God=92s =
creation=97whether=20
                  vegetation, birds, land animals, man, etc.) is because =
they=20
                  fail to realize the fact that <B>Genesis 1 and 2 serve =

                  different purposes</B>. Chapter one (including 2:1-4) =
focuses=20
                  on the <B>order</B> of the creation events; chapter =
two=20
                  (actually 2:5-25) simply provides more detailed =
information=20
                  about some of the events mentioned in chapter one. =
Chapter two=20
                  never was meant to be a regurgitation of chapter one, =
but=20
                  instead serves its own unique purpose=97to develop in =
detail the=20
                  more important features of the creation account, =
especially=20
                  the creation of man and his surroundings. As Kenneth =
Kitchen=20
                  noted in his book, <I>Ancient Orient and Old =
Testament:</I>=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Genesis 1 mentions the creation of man as =
the=20
                    last of a series, and without any details, whereas =
in=20
                    Genesis 2 man is the center of interest and more =
specific=20
                    details are given about him and his setting. Failure =
to=20
                    recognize the complementary nature of the=20
                    subject-distinction between a skeleton outline of =
all=20
                    creation on the one hand, and the concentration in =
detail on=20
                    man and his immediate environment on the other, =
borders on=20
                    obscurantism (1966, p. 117). </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>Norman Geisler and Thomas Howe summarized some of =
the=20
                  differences in Genesis 1-2 in the following chart =
(1992, p.=20
                  35). <BR><BR>
                  <TABLE cellSpacing=3D2 cellPadding=3D5 width=3D300 =
align=3Dcenter=20
                  border=3D1>
                    <TBODY>
                    <TR>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle =
bgColor=3D#dc96ff><STRONG>Genesis=20
                        1</STRONG></TD>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle =
bgColor=3D#dc96ff><STRONG>Genesis=20
                        2</STRONG></TD></TR>
                    <TR>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#32d264>Chronological =
order</TD>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#ffffd2>Topical =
order</TD></TR>
                    <TR>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#32d264>Outline</TD>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle =
bgColor=3D#ffffd2>Details</TD></TR>
                    <TR>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#32d264>Creating =
animals</TD>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle bgColor=3D#ffffd2>Naming=20
                    animals</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                  <P>The fact is,=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Genesis 2 does not present a creation =
account at=20
                    all but presupposes the completion of God=92s work =
of creation=20
                    as set forth in chapter 1.... Chapter 2 is built on =
the=20
                    foundation of chapter 1 and represents no different=20
                    tradition than the first chapter or discrepant =
account of=20
                    the order of creation (Archer, 1982, pp. 68-69). =
</BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>In short, Genesis chapters 1 and 2 are harmonious =
in every=20
                  way. What may seem as a contradiction at first glance =
is=20
                  essentially a more detailed account. The text of =
Genesis 2:19=20
                  says nothing about the relative origins of man and =
beast in=20
                  terms of chronology, but merely suggests that the =
animals were=20
                  formed before being brought to man in order to be =
named.=20
                  <P><IMG alt=3DCreation=20
                  =
src=3D"http://www.apologeticspress.org/image/rr/2003/r&amp;r0304a.jpg"=20
                  align=3Dright border=3D0>If one still rejects both the =
possibility=20
                  of <I>yatsar</I> being translated =93had formed,=94 =
and the=20
                  explanation of the two chapters being worded =
differently=20
                  because of the purposes they serve, a final response =
to the=20
                  skeptic=92s allegations is that the text never says =
that there=20
                  were no animals created on the sixth day of creation=20
                  <B>after</B> Adam. Although in my judgment it is =
<B>very=20
                  unlikely</B> that God created a special group of =
animals to be=20
                  named by Adam (after creating all others before the =
creation=20
                  of man=97Genesis 1:20-27), some commentators do hold =
this view.=20
                  After his comments concerning the translation of=20
                  <I>yatsar</I>, Victor Hamilton indicated that the =
creatures=20
                  mentioned in 2:19 refer =93to the creation of <B>a =
special=20
                  group</B> of animals brought before Adam for naming=94 =
(1990, p.=20
                  176, emp. added). Hamilton believes that most all the =
animals=20
                  on the Earth were created before Adam; however, those=20
                  mentioned in 2:19 were created on day six after Adam, =
for the=20
                  purpose of being named. In U. Cassuto=92s comments on =
Genesis 2=20
                  regarding the time Adam named the animals, he stated: =
=93Of all=20
                  the species of beasts and flying creatures that had =
been=20
                  created and had spread over the face of the earth and =
the=20
                  firmament of the heavens, the Lord God <B>now</B> =
formed=20
                  particular specimens for the purpose of presenting =
them all=20
                  before man in the midst of the Garden=94 (1961, p. =
129, emp.=20
                  added). Both of these long-time Bible students =
recognize that=20
                  the text never says there were no animals created =
after Adam,=20
                  but that all animals were created either on day five =
or day=20
                  six (before and possibly even after Adam=92s =
creation). However=20
                  unorthodox (or unlikely) this particular position =
might be, it=20
                  does serve as another reason why skeptics have no =
foundation=20
                  upon which to stand when they assert that a =
contradiction=20
                  exists between Genesis 1:24-27 and 2:19.=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>=93FACTUAL=94 CONTRADICTION #7</H4></DIV>
                  <P>
                  <H4>A Slip of the Mind?</H4>
                  <P>In 1 Corinthians 10:7-10, the apostle Paul gave =
four=20
                  =93examples=94 of how God=92s chosen people in the Old =
Testament had=20
                  sinned by lusting =93after evil things.=94 At one time =
or another,=20
                  the Israelites had been guilty of worshipping false =
gods (v.=20
                  7), committing sexual immorality (v. 8), as well as =
tempting=20
                  God and complaining against the Almighty (vss. 9-10). =
It is=20
                  the second example Paul gives in this list (involving =
the=20
                  Israelites=92 sexual immorality) that has been the =
brunt of much=20
                  criticism. Allegedly, this verse is in direct =
opposition with=20
                  what Moses recorded in the Pentateuch. Whereas Paul =
stated,=20
                  =93[I]n one day twenty-three thousand =
[Israelites=97<FONT=20
                  size=3D-1>EL</FONT>] fell=94 as a result of their =
sexual=20
                  immorality (1 Corinthians 10:8), Moses recorded that =
=93those=20
                  who died in the plague were twenty-four thousand=94 =
(Numbers=20
                  25:9).=20
                  <P>Some apologists (Archer, 1982, p. 401; Geisler and =
Howe,=20
                  1992, pp. 458-459) have attempted to resolve this =
infamous=20
                  case of =93the missing thousand=94 by claiming that =
the Old=20
                  Testament event to which Paul alluded was the plague =
Jehovah=20
                  sent upon the people after they made a golden calf =
(Exodus=20
                  32:35), and not the plague recorded in Numbers 25:9. =
The=20
                  problem with this explanation is that Exodus 32 =
focuses on=20
                  idolatry, not sexual immorality. Although idolatry =
sometimes=20
                  included sexual immorality, most likely Paul was not =
referring=20
                  to the events that took place after Moses=92 descent =
from Mount=20
                  Sinai (Exodus 32).=20
                  <P>So how can we explain Paul=92s statement in light =
of the=20
                  information given in Numbers 25:9 (the probable =
=93sister=94=20
                  passage to 1 Corinthians 10:8)? The answer lies in the =
fact=20
                  that Paul stated that 23,000 fell =93<B>in one =
day</B>,=94 while=20
                  in Numbers 25 Moses wrote that the <B>total number</B> =
of=20
                  those who died in the plague was 24,000. Moses never =
indicated=20
                  how long it took for the 24,000 to die, but only =
stated that=20
                  this was the number =93who died in the plague.=94 =
Thus, the record=20
                  in 1 Corinthians simply supplies us with more =
knowledge about=20
                  what occurred in Numbers 25=9723,000 of the 24,000 who =
died in=20
                  the plague died =93<B>in one day</B>.=94=20
                  <P>It is troubling to see how certain other apologists =
attempt=20
                  to explain this alleged contradiction. In their =
popular book,=20
                  <I>Hard Sayings of the Bible</I>, Walter Kaiser, Peter =
Davids,=20
                  Manfred Brauch, and F.F. Bruce made the following =
comments=20
                  regarding =93the missing thousand=94 in 1 Corinthians =
10:8:=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>It is possible that Paul, citing the Old=20
                    Testament from memory as he wrote to the =
Corinthians,=20
                    referred to the incident in Numbers 25:9, but <B>his =
mind=20
                    slipped</B> a chapter later in picking up the =
number.... We=20
                    cannot rule out the possibility that there was some=20
                    reference to 23 or 23,000 in his local environment =
as he was=20
                    writing and that caused <B>a slip in his mind</B>.=20
                  </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Paul was not attempting to instruct people =
on=20
                    Old Testament history and certainly not on the =
details of=20
                    Old Testament history. </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Thus here we have a case in which <B>Paul=20
                    apparently makes a slip of the mind</B> for some =
reason=20
                    (unless he has special revelation he does not inform =
us=20
                    about), but the mental error does not affect the =
teaching.=20
                    How often have we heard preachers with written =
Bibles before=20
                    them make similar errors of details that in no way =
affected=20
                    their message? If we notice it (and few usually do), =
we=20
                    (hopefully) simply smile and focus on the real point =
being=20
                    made. As noted above, Paul probably did not have a =
written=20
                    Bible to check (although at times he apparently had =
access=20
                    to scrolls of the Old Testament), but in the full =
swing of=20
                    dictation <B>he cited an example from memory and got =
a=20
                    detail wrong</B> (pp. 598-599, parenthetical =
comments in=20
                    orig., emp. added). </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>Supposedly, Paul just made a mistake. He messed up, =
just=20
                  like when a preacher today mistakenly misquotes a =
passage of=20
                  Scripture. According to the repetitious testimony of =
these=20
                  men, Paul merely had =93a slip of the mind=94 (thereby =

                  experiencing what some today might call a =93senior =
moment=94),=20
                  and our reaction (as well as the skeptics=92) should =
be to=20
                  =93simply smile and focus on the real point being =
made.=94=20
                  <P>Unbelievable! These men pen an 800-page book in an =
attempt=20
                  to answer numerous alleged Bible contradictions and to =
defend=20
                  the integrity of the Bible, and they have the audacity =
to say=20
                  that the apostle Paul =93cited an example from memory =
and got a=20
                  detail wrong.=94 Why in the world did they spend so =
much time=20
                  (and space) answering various questions that skeptics=20
                  frequently raise, and then conclude that the man who =
penned=20
                  almost half of the New Testament books made mistakes =
in his=20
                  writings?! They have concluded exactly what the =
infidels=20
                  teach=97Bible writers made mistakes. Furthermore, if =
Paul made=20
                  one mistake in his writings, he easily could have =
blundered=20
                  elsewhere. And if Paul made mistakes in other =
writings, how=20
                  can we say that Peter, John, Isaiah, and others did =
not =93slip=20
                  up=94 occasionally? The fact is, if Paul, or any of =
these men,=20
                  made mistakes in their writings, then they were not =
inspired=20
                  by God (cf. 2 Timothy 3:16-17; 2 Peter 1:20-21), =
because God=20
                  does not make mistakes (cf. Titus 1:2; Psalm 139:1-6). =
And if=20
                  the Scriptures were not =93given by inspiration of =
God,=94 then=20
                  the Bible is not from God. And if the Bible is not =
from God,=20
                  then the skeptic is right. But as we noted above, the =
skeptic=20
                  is not right! First Corinthians 10:8 can be explained=20
                  logically without assuming Paul=92s writings are =
inaccurate.=20
                  <P>Sadly, Kaiser, et al., totally dismiss the numerous =
places=20
                  where Paul claims his writings are from God. When Paul =
wrote=20
                  to the churches of Galatia, he told them that his =
teachings=20
                  came to him =93through revelation of Jesus Christ=94 =
(1:12). In=20
                  his first letter to the Thessalonian Christians, he =
claimed=20
                  the words he wrote were =93by the word of the Lord=94 =
(4:15). To=20
                  the church at Ephesus, Paul wrote that God=92s message =
was=20
                  =93revealed by the Spirit to His holy apostles and =
prophets=94=20
                  (3:5). In 2 Peter 3:16, Peter put Paul=92s letters on =
a par with=20
                  the Old Testament Scriptures when he compared them to =
=93the=20
                  rest of the Scriptures.=94 And in the same epistle =
where Kaiser,=20
                  et al., claim that Paul =93made a slip of the mind,=94 =
Paul said,=20
                  =93the things which I write to you are the =
commandments of the=20
                  Lord=94 (1 Corinthians 14:37).=20
                  <P>Paul did not =93invent=94 facts about Old Testament =
stories.=20
                  Neither did he have to rely on his own cognizance to =
remember=20
                  particular numbers or names. The Holy Spirit revealed =
the=20
                  Truth to him=97<B>all</B> of it (cf. John 14:26; John =
16:13).=20
                  Just like the writers of the Old Testament, Paul was =
fully=20
                  inspired by the Holy Spirit (cf. 2 Samuel 23:2; Acts =
1:16; 2=20
                  Peter 1:20-21; 3:15-16; 2 Timothy 3:16-17).=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>=93FACTUAL=94 CONTRADICTION #14</H4></DIV>
                  <P>
                  <H4>A Coin Called =93Daric=94</H4>
                  <P>Before Solomon began building the =93holy house=94 =
of God, his=20
                  father David challenged the Israelites to consecrate=20
                  themselves by bringing an offering to the Lord that =
would be=20
                  used in the Temple=92s construction (1 Chronicles =
29:3-5). The=20
                  text indicates that =93the leaders of the fathers=92 =
houses,=20
                  leaders of the tribes of Israel, the captains of =
thousands and=20
                  of hundreds, with the officers over the king=92s work, =
offered=20
                  willingly=94 (29:6). They gave 5,000 talents of gold, =
10,000=20
                  talents of silver, 18,000 talents of bronze, and =
100,000=20
                  talents of iron. First Chronicles 29:7 also indicates =
that=20
                  these Israelites gave 10,000 <B>darics</B> of gold.=20
                  <P>The use of currency known as darics in a narrative =
that=20
                  predated the invention of the currency by 500 years =
has led=20
                  some to believe the author of Chronicles lacked divine =

                  guidance. These critics correctly assert that the =
daric was a=20
                  coin of the Persian Empire (probably derived from =
Darius the=20
                  Mede). Furthermore, <B>it is true</B> that even though =
the=20
                  chronicler used the daric to evaluate a Temple =
offering that=20
                  took place around 970 B.C., this coinage was unknown =
to David=20
                  (<I>Wycliffe</I>, 1962). It was not minted before 515 =
<FONT=20
                  size=3D-1>B.C.</FONT> (Dillard and Longman, 1994, p. =
171), and=20
                  probably was not known in Palestine until the fifth =
century=20
                  <FONT size=3D-1>B.C.</FONT> (when the book of =
Chronicles likely=20
                  was written). So why does this <B>not</B> invalidate =
the=20
                  inerrancy of the Scriptures? After all, a narrative =
that has=20
                  things (like money) in it that obviously did not exist =
when=20
                  the narrative took place is nothing but a fairy tale, =
right?=20
                  <P>Actually, the use of the term =93daric=94 by the =
writer of=20
                  Chronicles in the fifth century <FONT =
size=3D-1>B.C.</FONT> does=20
                  not mean that he believed (or wanted his readers to =
believe)=20
                  that the Israelites in David=92s time possessed =
darics. The=20
                  chronicler merely expressed=97in language that would =
be=20
                  intelligible to his readers=97the sum of the gold =
donated by the=20
                  Israelites, without intending to assume that there =
were darics=20
                  in use in the time of David (Keil and Delitzsch, =
1996). He=20
                  simply used a term that was popular in his own day to =
help his=20
                  readers better understand the sacrifice of those who =
gave the=20
                  gold (cf. Ezra 2:69; 8:27; Nehemiah 7:70-72).=20
                  <TABLE cellSpacing=3D2 cellPadding=3D2 align=3Dcenter =
border=3D0>
                    <TBODY>
                    <TR>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle><IMG alt=3DDarics=20
                        =
src=3D"http://www.apologeticspress.org/image/rr/2003/r&amp;r0304c.jpg"=20
                        align=3Dcenter border=3D0></TD></TR>
                    <TR>
                      <TD align=3Dmiddle><FONT size=3D-1><FONT =
size=3D-1>Darics=20
                        courtesy of=20
                    =
ancient-coin-forum.com</FONT></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                  <P>The chronicler used a figure of speech known as =
=93prolepsis=94=20
                  (the assignment of something, such as an event or =
name, to a=20
                  time that precedes it). People often use prolepsis for =
the=20
                  sake of convenience, or so that the reader or audience =
can=20
                  better understand what is being communicated. For =
example, I=20
                  might say, =93My wife and I dated two years before we =
got=20
                  married,=94 when actually she was not my wife when we =
were=20
                  dating, but a very dear friend. We may see a special =
on=20
                  television about when President Ronald Reagan was a =
boy, but=20
                  the fact is, Ronald Reagan was not president of the =
United=20
                  States when he was a boy. From time to time, even the =
Bible=20
                  uses this kind of accommodative language. In John 11, =
the=20
                  Bible speaks of a woman named Mary who =93anointed the =
Lord with=20
                  ointment=94 (11:1-2), yet this anointing actually did =
not occur=20
                  for about three months. John merely spoke about it as =
having=20
                  already happened because when he wrote his gospel =
account,=20
                  this event generally was known. Another example of =
prolepsis=20
                  is found in Genesis 13:3 where we read that Abraham =
=93went on=20
                  his journey from the South as far as Bethel.=94 This =
area=20
                  actually did not wear the name Bethel until years =
later when=20
                  Jacob gave it that name (Genesis 28:19). However, when =
Moses=20
                  wrote of this name hundreds of years later, he was =
free to use=20
                  it even when writing about a time before the name =
actually was=20
                  given. Likewise, the chronicler used accommodative =
language=20
                  when explaining the free-will offerings given to help =
in=20
                  constructing the Temple of God.=20
                  <P>Admittedly, the writer of Chronicles used measures =
of his=20
                  period familiar to modern readers even when writing =
about=20
                  events that took place 500 years beforehand. However,=20
                  converting measures does not destroy the inerrancy of=20
                  Scripture!=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>=93FACTUAL=94 CONTRADICTION #21</H4></DIV>
                  <P>
                  <H4>Motives Matter</H4>
                  <P>In roughly 841 <FONT size=3D-1>B.C.</FONT>, the =
commander of=20
                  Israel=92s army, Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat, was =
anointed king=20
                  over the northern kingdom and was commanded by the =
Lord to=20
                  =93strike down the house of Ahab=94 and =93cut off =
from Ahab all the=20
                  males in Israel, both bond and free=94 (2 Kings =
9:6-10). After=20
                  receiving this command from the Lord via one of =93the =
sons of=20
                  the prophets,=94 Jehu began his assassination of =
Ahab=92s family.=20
                  He started by slaying Ahab=92s son, Joram (also known =
as=20
                  Jehoram), who was ruling Israel at the time Jehu was =
anointed=20
                  king. He then proceeded to kill Ahaziah (the king of =
Judah and=20
                  grandson of Jezebel=979:27-29) and forty-two of =
Ahaziah=92s=20
                  brothers (10:12-14). Later, he slew (or had others =
slay)=20
                  Jezebel (the mother of Joram and former wife of the =
deceased=20
                  Ahab=979:30-37), all seventy sons of Ahab who were =
living in=20
                  Samaria and =93all who remained to Ahab in Samaria=94=20
                  (10:1-10,17), and =93all who remained of the house of =
Ahab in=20
                  Jezreel,=94 including =93all his great men and his =
close=20
                  acquaintances, and his priests=94 (10:11). Jehu=92s =
final stop was=20
                  at the temple of Baal where, upon gathering all the=20
                  Baal-worshipping leaders of Israel into the temple, he =
locked=20
                  them up and had them massacred (10:18-27).=20
                  <P>After Jehu had carried out his orders to obliterate =
all=20
                  males from the house of Ahab, the Lord said to him:=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Because you have done well in doing what =
is=20
                    right in My sight, and have done to the house of =
Ahab all=20
                    that was in My heart, your sons shall sit on the =
throne of=20
                    Israel to the fourth generation (10:30). =
</BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>Jehu had taken the most thorough means of =
suppressing the=20
                  idolatry in Israel, and thus was granted protection on =
his=20
                  throne, along with his sons after him, unto =93the =
fourth=20
                  generation.=94 The following chapters of 2 Kings =
indicate that=20
                  the Lord was true to His word (as always; cf. Titus =
1:2).=20
                  Although the reigns of Jehu=92s sons were described as =
kings who=20
                  =93did evil in the sight of Yahweh,=94 the Lord =
allowed them to=20
                  reign to the fourth generation in order to fulfill His =
promise=20
                  to Jehu.=20
                  <P>Several years after the above events took place, =
the=20
                  prophet Hosea expressed words that many skeptics have =
claimed=20
                  are in opposition to what is stated in 2 Kings 9-10. =
When=20
                  Gomer, Hosea=92s wife, bore a son, Hosea declared that =
the Lord=20
                  said, =93Call his name Jezreel, for in a little while =
I will=20
                  avenge the bloodshed of Jezreel on the house of Jehu, =
and=20
                  bring an end to the kingdom of the house of Israel=94 =
(1:4).=20
                  Those trying to discredit the Bible=92s integrity =
argue that=20
                  Hosea put himself into <B>obvious disagreement =
</B>with the=20
                  inspired writer of 2 Kings, who thought that Jehu had =
done=20
                  =93all=94 that was in God=92s heart. Skeptics claim =
that the author=20
                  of 2 Kings heaped praise on Jehu for the Jezreel =
massacre, but=20
                  Hosea contradicted him when he said that the Lord =
would avenge=20
                  the blood of Jezreel, and bring to an end the reign of =
the=20
                  house of Jehu in Israel. What can be said about this =
=93obvious=20
                  disagreement=94? Are these two passages harmonious, or =
is this a=20
                  legitimate contradiction that should cause Bible =
believers=20
                  like the young man from West Virginia to reject the =
book that=20
                  has been tried and tested for hundreds of years?=20
                  <P>First, we cannot be 100% certain that Hosea 1:4 is=20
                  referring to the events recorded in 2 Kings 9-10. =
Although=20
                  nearly all skeptics (and Bible commentators) link the =
two=20
                  passages together, it must be understood that just =
because 2=20
                  Kings 9-10 is the only place in the Old Testament that =

                  describes suitable events located at Jezreel, it does =
not mean=20
                  that Hosea must have been referring to those events. =
The=20
                  honest student of God=92s Word has to admit that Hosea =
could=20
                  have been referring to Jehu=92s sons who reigned after =
him.=20
                  Perhaps his sons performed serious atrocities in =
Jezreel that=20
                  are not recorded in 2 Kings. One cannot be certain =
that Hosea=20
                  was indeed referring to the events recorded in 2 Kings =
10.=20
                  Having made such a disclaimer, it is my position that =
these=20
                  two passages <B>should</B> be linked, and thus the =
alleged=20
                  contradiction raised by skeptics deserves an adequate=20
                  explanation: How could God tell Jehu to destroy the =
house of=20
                  Ahab, and then later condemn him (his house) via the =
words of=20
                  Hosea for having done so?=20
                  <P>The answer really is quite simple. As Norman =
Geisler and=20
                  Thomas Howe observed: =93God praised Jehu for obeying =
Him in=20
                  destroying the house of Ahab, but condemned Jehu for =
his=20
                  sinful motive in shedding their blood=94 (1992, p. =
194).=20
                  Skeptics are fond of citing 2 Kings 10:30 to support =
their=20
                  position, but they often conveniently overlook verses =
29 and=20
                  31, which state:=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Jehu did not turn away from the sins of=20
                    Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who had made Israel sin, =
that=20
                    is, from the golden calves that were at Bethel and =
Dan....=20
                    Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the Lord God =
of=20
                    Israel with all his heart; for he did not depart =
from the=20
                    sins of Jeroboam, who had made Israel sin. =
</BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>Jehu obeyed God=92s command to =93strike down the =
house of=20
                  Ahab=94 and utterly exterminate his descendants (2 =
Kings 9:7-8;=20
                  10:30), but he did not obey God in <B>all</B> that he =
did (cf.=20
                  Genesis 6:22). The passage in 2 Kings 10:29-31 =
indicates that=20
                  even though Jehu had done what God commanded, =93he =
did so out=20
                  of a carnal zeal that was tainted with protective=20
                  self-interest=94 (Archer, 1982, p. 208). It seems =
obvious that=20
                  since Jehu followed in the footsteps of Israel=92s =
first wicked=20
                  king by worshipping false gods and not walking =
according to=20
                  God=92s law, he did not destroy Ahab=92s descendants =
out of any=20
                  devotion to the Lord. Furthermore, in commenting on =
Jehu=92s=20
                  actions, biblical scholar Gleason Archer noted:=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>The important principle set forth in Hosea =
1:4=20
                    was that when blood is shed, even in the service of =
God and=20
                    in obedience to His command, blood-guiltiness =
attaches to=20
                    God=92s agent himself if his motive was tainted with =
carnal=20
                    self-interest rather than by a sincere concern for =
the=20
                    purity of the faith and the preservation of God=92s =
truth=20
                    (such as, for example, animated Elijah when he had =
the 450=20
                    prophets of Baal put to death after the contest with =
them on=20
                    Mount Carmel) [1982, p. 209, parenthetical item in =
orig.].=20
                  </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>Considering Jehu=92s actions by examining the =
motives behind=20
                  those actions solves the alleged contradiction. =
Jehu=92s failure=20
                  to obey God=92s commands and depart from the sins of =
Jeroboam=20
                  revealed that he would have equally disobeyed the =
other=20
                  commands as well, had it been contrary to his own =
desires. The=20
                  story of Jehu=92s conquest teaches a great lesson, =
which Albert=20
                  Barnes acknowledged in his commentary on Hosea: =
=93[I]f we do=20
                  what is the will of God for any end of our own, for =
anything=20
                  except God, we do, in fact, our own will, not =
God=92s=94 (1997).=20
                  Indeed, just as the apostle Paul taught in his =
discourse on=20
                  love=97<B>motives matter</B> (1 Corinthians 13:1-3)!=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>=93FACTUAL=94 CONTRADICTION #48</H4></DIV>
                  <P>
                  <H4>In What Order Did Satan Tempt Jesus?</H4>
                  <P>If you have ever compared Matthew=92s account of =
Satan=20
                  tempting Jesus in the wilderness with Luke=92s =
account, you=20
                  likely noticed that there was a difference in the =
sequence of=20
                  the recorded events (Matthew 4:1-11; Luke 4:1-13). =
Both=20
                  Matthew and Luke agree that Satan first tested Jesus =
by=20
                  challenging Him to turn stones to bread. However, =
while the=20
                  two disciples of Jesus agree on the content of the =
next two=20
                  tests, the second and third temptations recorded by =
Matthew=20
                  are =93flip-flopped=94 in Luke=92s account. Matthew =
recorded that=20
                  Satan=92s second temptation involved him trying to =
persuade=20
                  Jesus to throw Himself down from the pinnacle of the =
Temple.=20
                  The third temptation listed by Matthew was Satan=92s =
attempt to=20
                  get Jesus to worship him. Even though Luke wrote about =
the=20
                  same two events, he listed them in reverse =
order=97Satan first=20
                  desired adoration from Jesus, and then challenged Him =
to throw=20
                  Himself down off the pinnacle of the Temple. Based =
upon this=20
                  difference, skeptics claim we have a clear-cut =
=93factual=20
                  discrepancy.=94=20
                  <P>The problem with this allegation is that it is =
based upon=20
                  an assumption. Those who claim that the =93disorder=94 =
of=20
                  temptations is a contradiction, presuppose that =
history always=20
                  is written (or spoken) chronologically. However, =
common sense=20
                  tells us otherwise. Open almost any world history =
textbook,=20
                  and you will notice that even though most events are =
recorded=20
                  chronologically, some are arranged topically. For =
example, in=20
                  one chapter you may read about the European =
civilization in=20
                  the late Middle Ages (<FONT size=3D-1>A.D.</FONT> =
1000-1300).=20
                  Yet, in the very next chapter you might learn about =
Medieval=20
                  India (150 <FONT size=3D-1>B.C.</FONT>-<FONT =
size=3D-1>A.D.</FONT>=20
                  1400). Authors arrange textbooks thematically in order =
to=20
                  reduce the confusion that would arise if every major =
event in=20
                  those textbooks were arranged chronologically. Even =
when we=20
                  rehearse life experiences to friends and family, =
oftentimes we=20
                  speak climactically rather than chronologically. A =
teenager=20
                  may return home from an amusement park, and tell his =
father=20
                  about all of the roller coasters he road at Six Flags. =
Likely,=20
                  rather than mentioning all of them in the order he =
road them,=20
                  he will start with the most exciting ones, and end =
with the=20
                  boring ones (if there is indeed such a thing as a =
=93boring=94=20
                  roller coaster).=20
                  <P>Had Matthew and Luke claimed to arrange the =
temptations of=20
                  Jesus chronologically, then the skeptics would have a=20
                  legitimate case. But, the fact of the matter is, =
neither=20
                  Matthew nor Luke ever made any such claim. Either one =
of the=20
                  two gospel writers recorded these events in the exact =
order in=20
                  which they occurred, or both of them wrote topically. =
Most=20
                  biblical scholars believe that it is very likely that =
Matthew=20
                  was concerned more with the order of events in this =
story=20
                  because of his use of words like =93then=94 (4:5, =
Greek=20
                  <I>tote</I>) and =93again=94 (4:8, Greek =
<I>palin</I>). These two=20
                  specific adverbs seem to indicate a more <B>sequential =

                  order</B> of the temptations. Luke simply links the =
events by=20
                  using the Greek words <I>kai </I>and <I>de</I> =
(4:2,5-6,=20
                  translated =93and=94). [The <FONT =
size=3D-1>NKJV</FONT>=92s=20
                  translation of <I>kai</I> as =93then=94 in Luke 4:5 is =
incorrect.=20
                  It should be translated simply =93and=94 (cf. <FONT=20
                  size=3D-1>ASV</FONT>, <FONT size=3D-1>KJV</FONT>, =
<FONT=20
                  size=3D-1>NASV</FONT>, and <FONT =
size=3D-1>RSV</FONT>).] Similar=20
                  to the English word =93and=94 not having specific =
chronological=20
                  implications, neither do the Greek words <I>kai</I> =
and=20
                  <I>de</I> (Richards, 1993, p. 230). In short, Luke=92s =
account=20
                  of the temptations of Jesus is arranged topically (or =
possibly=20
                  climactically), whereas Matthew=92s account seems to =
be arranged=20
                  chronologically.=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>=93FACTUAL=94 CONTRADICTION #56</H4></DIV>
                  <P>
                  <H4>Cock-a-doodle-do...Twice?</H4>
                  <P>Perhaps the most famous alleged Bible contradiction =
centers=20
                  on Peter=92s triple denial of Jesus and the crowing of =
a=20
                  rooster. For years, skeptics have charged that =
Mark=92s account=20
                  of this event blatantly contradicts the other gospel =
accounts,=20
                  thus supposedly =93proving=94 the imperfection of the =
Scriptures.=20
                  Even Bible believers have questioned the differences=20
                  surrounding this event, yet relatively few have taken =
the time=20
                  to understand them. Whenever people ask us about =
Peter=92s=20
                  denials and the differences within the gospel =
accounts, we=20
                  often fail to give an adequate answer to their =
questions (see=20
                  1 Peter 3:15). This lack of understanding, and poor =
defense of=20
                  God=92s Word, has led skeptics to become more =
confident in their=20
                  position (i.e., that the Bible is not God=92s Word), =
and has=20
                  caused some Bible believers (like the young West =
Virginia man=20
                  I mentioned earlier) to abandon their position on the=20
                  infallibility of the Scriptures.=20
                  <P>The passages in question are found in Matthew 26, =
Mark 14,=20
                  Luke 22, and John 13. Matthew, Luke, and John all =
quoted Jesus=20
                  as saying that Peter would deny Him three times before =
the=20
                  <B>rooster crowed</B>.=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Jesus said to him, =93Assuredly, I say to =
you that=20
                    this night, before the rooster crows, you will deny =
Me three=20
                    times=94 (Matthew 26:34). </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Then He said, =93I tell you, Peter, the =
rooster=20
                    shall not crow this day before you will deny three =
times=20
                    that you know Me=94 (Luke 22:34). </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Jesus answered him...=93Most assuredly, I =
say to=20
                    you, the rooster shall not crow till you have denied =
Me=20
                    three times=94 (John 13:38). </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>After the third denial actually took place, these =
three=20
                  writers recorded that Jesus=92 prophecy was fulfilled =
exactly=20
                  the way He said it would be.=20
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>And immediately a rooster crowed. And =
Peter=20
                    remembered the word of Jesus who had said to him, =
=93Before=20
                    the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times=94 =
(Matthew=20
                    26:74b-75). </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Immediately, while he was still speaking, =
the=20
                    rooster crowed. And the Lord turned and looked at =
Peter. And=20
                    Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had =
said to=20
                    him, =93Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me =
three=20
                    times=94 (Luke 22:60-61).</BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>
                  <BLOCKQUOTE>Peter then denied again [for the third=20
                    time=97<FONT size=3D-1>EL</FONT>]; and immediately a =
rooster=20
                    crowed (John 18:27). </BLOCKQUOTE>
                  <P>Matthew, Luke, and John all indicated that Peter =
denied=20
                  Jesus three times before the rooster crowed. Mark=92s =
account,=20
                  however, says otherwise. He recorded Jesus=92 prophecy =
as=20
                  follows: =93Assuredly, I say to you that today, even =
this night,=20
                  before the rooster crows <B>twice</B>, you will deny =
Me three=20
                  times=94 (Mark 14:30, emp. added). Following Peter=92s =
first=20
                  denial of Jesus, we learn that he =93went out on the =
porch, and=20
                  a rooster crowed=94 (Mark 14:68). After Peter=92s =
third denial of=20
                  Jesus, the rooster crowed =93a second time.... Then =
Peter called=20
                  to mind the word that Jesus had said to him, =91Before =
the=20
                  rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three =
times=92&nbsp;=94=20
                  (Mark 14:72).=20
                  <P>Mark differs from the other writers, in that he =
specified=20
                  the rooster crowed once after Peter=92s first denial, =
and again=20
                  after his third denial. But, do these differences =
represent a=20
                  legitimate contradiction? Absolutely not!=20
                  <P>Consider the following illustration. A family of =
three went=20
                  to a high school football game together for the first =
time.=20
                  The father and son had been to several games prior to =
this=20
                  one, but the mother never had been fortunate enough to =
attend=20
                  a high school game until now. After entering the =
stadium,=20
                  Ricky tells his 16-year-old son, Cary, that they will =
meet him=20
                  right outside Gate 12 after <B>the</B> buzzer sounds. =
Having=20
                  filed away the instructions, Cary races to the stands =
to=20
                  ensure that he sees the opening kickoff. Ricky=92s =
wife, Vickie,=20
                  who did not hear the instructions he gave Cary, then =
asks him=20
                  when they were going to see Cary again. He responds, =
=93We are=20
                  going to meet him right outside the gate we just =
entered after=20
                  the <B>fourth</B> buzzer.=94 After the fourth buzzer? =
But he=20
                  told Cary after <B>the</B> buzzer sounded they would =
meet him.=20
                  Did Ricky contradict himself? No. At this particular =
stadium,=20
                  the time keepers normally sound a buzzer after each =
quarter.=20
                  But, when we say =93at the buzzer,=94 or when we speak =
of =93a=20
                  buzzer beater=94 (such as in basketball), usually we =
are=20
                  referring to the <B>final</B> buzzer. Cary was =
familiar with=20
                  sports lingo, and thus Ricky told him they would see =
him=20
                  =93after the buzzer sounds.=94 Vickie, on the other =
hand, having=20
                  never attended a football game in her life, was given=20
                  different instructions. In a more precise way, Ricky=20
                  instructed her that Cary would meet them, not after =
the first,=20
                  second, or third buzzer, but after the fourth and =
final buzzer=20
                  that marks the end of regulation play. Ricky knew that =
if he=20
                  told Vickie, =93Cary will meet us after the buzzer =
sounds,=94 she=20
                  would have expected to meet him after the first buzzer =

                  sounded. Thus, Ricky simply informed Vickie in a more =
detailed=20
                  manner. Surely, no one would claim that Ricky had =
contradicted=20
                  himself.=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter><IMG alt=3DCock-a-doodle-do=20
                  =
src=3D"http://www.apologeticspress.org/image/rr/2003/r&amp;r0304b.jpg"=20
                  align=3Dcenter border=3D0> </DIV>
                  <P>In a similar way, no one should assume that because =
three=20
                  of the gospel writers mentioned <B>one</B> crowing, =
while Mark=20
                  mentioned <B>two</B> crowings, that a contradiction =
exists.=20
                  Realistically, there were two =93rooster crowings.=94 =
However, it=20
                  was the second one (the only one Matthew, Luke, and =
John=20
                  mentioned) that was the =93main=94 crowing (like the =
fourth buzzer=20
                  was the =93main=94 buzzer at the football game). In =
the first=20
                  century, roosters were accustomed to crowing <B>at =
least=20
                  twice</B> during the night. The first crowing (which =
only Mark=20
                  mentioned=9714:68) usually occurred between twelve and =
one=20
                  o=92clock. Relatively few individuals ever heard or =
acknowledged=20
                  this crowing (see =93cock,=94 <I>Fausset=92s Bible =
Dictionary</I>,=20
                  1998). It is likely that Peter never heard it; else =
surely his=20
                  slumbering conscience would have awakened.=20
                  <P>The second crowing took place not long before =
daybreak. It=20
                  was this latter crowing that commonly was called =
=93the=20
                  cockcrowing.=94 Why? Because it was at this time of =
night (just=20
                  before daybreak) that roosters crowed the loudest, and =
their=20
                  =93shrill clarion=94 was useful in summoning laborers =
to work (see=20
                  =93cock-crowing,=94 McClintock and Strong, 1968, =
2:398). This=20
                  crowing of the roosters served as an alarm clock to =
those in=20
                  the ancient world<I>. </I>Mark recorded earlier in his =
gospel=20
                  account that Jesus spoke of this =93main=94 crowing =
when He said:=20
                  =93Watch therefore, for you do not know when the =
master of the=20
                  house is coming=97in the evening, at midnight, <B>at =
the crowing=20
                  of the rooster</B>, or in the morning=94 (Mark 13:35, =
emp.=20
                  added). Interestingly, even when workers were called =
to their=20
                  labors via artificial devices (e.g., bugles), this =
time of the=20
                  night still was designated by the proverbial phrase, =
=93the=20
                  cockcrowing=94 (see =93cock-crowing=94 in McClintock =
and Strong,=20
                  2:398). If you lived in the first century, and your =
boss said=20
                  to be ready to work when =93the rooster crows,=94 you =
would know=20
                  he meant that work begins just before daybreak. If he =
said=20
                  that work begins at the second crowing of the rooster, =

                  likewise, you would know he meant the same =
thing=97work begins=20
                  just before daylight. These are not contradictory =
statements,=20
                  but rather two ways of saying the same thing.=20
                  <P>When Jesus said, =93Before the rooster crows, you =
will deny=20
                  Me three times=94 (Matthew 26:34), it is obvious that =
He was=20
                  using the phrase =93the rooster crows=94 in the more =
conventional=20
                  way. Mark, on the other hand, specified that there =
were two=20
                  crowings. In the same way that the husband gives his =
wife more=20
                  detailed instructions concerning a football game, Mark =
used=20
                  greater precision in recording this event. It may be =
that Mark=20
                  quoted the exact words of Jesus, while the other =
writers=20
                  (under the guidance of the Holy Spirit) saw fit to =
employ the=20
                  less definite style to indicate the same time of night =

                  (McGarvey, 1875, p. 355). Or, perhaps Jesus made both=20
                  statements. After Peter declared that he never would =
deny the=20
                  Lord, Jesus could have repeated His first comment and =
added=20
                  another detail, saying: =93[E]ven this night, before =
the rooster=20
                  crows <B>twice</B>, you will deny Me three times=94 =
(Mark 14:30,=20
                  emp. added). We cannot be certain why Mark=92s account =
is worded=20
                  differently than the other writers, but by =
understanding that=20
                  =93the rooster crowing=94 commonly was used to =
indicate a time=20
                  just before daybreak, we can be assured that =
absolutely no=20
                  contradiction exists among the gospel writers.=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>CONCLUSION</H4></DIV>
                  <P>In just over six thousand words, six of the seventy =

                  =93factual=94 Bible contradictions given to the young =
West=20
                  Virginian who abandoned his faith in the inspired, =
inerrant=20
                  Word of God have been radically downgraded from =
=93factual=94 to=20
                  =93fictitious.=94 If space permitted, each one of the =
=93factual=94=20
                  contradictions could be refuted rather easily with the =
proper=20
                  use of both =93reason=94 and =93revelation.=94=20
                  <P>What would have happened if the young man from West =

                  Virginia had taken the time to investigate these =
matters?=20
                  Where would he be today, had someone been able to show =
him how=20
                  all these =93factual=94 Bible contradictions are =
anything but=20
                  factual? Surely, by now you realize that the blows of =
the=20
                  critic=92s axe need not shake the Christian=92s faith. =
Indeed,=20
                  after almost 2,000 years of =93skeptics=92 blows,=94 =
God=92s forest of=20
                  inspiration still stands unmarred.=20
                  <P>
                  <DIV align=3Dcenter>
                  <H4>REFERENCES</H4></DIV>
                  <P>Archer, Gleason L. (1982), <I>An Encyclopedia of =
Bible=20
                  Difficulties</I> (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan).=20
                  <P>Barnes, Albert (1997), <I>Barnes=92 Notes</I> =
(Electronic=20
                  Database: Biblesoft).=20
                  <P>Cassuto, U. (1961), <I>A Commentary on the Book of=20
                  Genesis</I> (Jerusalem: Magnes).=20
                  <P>=93Cock=94 (1998),<I> Fausset=92s Bible =
Dictionary</I>=20
                  (Electronic Database: Biblesoft).=20
                  <P>=93Cock-crowing,=94 McClintock, John and James =
Strong (1968=20
                  reprint), <I>Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and =

                  Ecclesiastical Literature</I> (Grand Rapids, MI: =
Baker).=20
                  <P>Dillard, Raymond B. and Tremper Longman III =
(1994),<I> An=20
                  Introduction to the Old Testa</I>ment (Grand Rapids, =
MI:=20
                  Zondervan).=20
                  <P>Geisler, Norman L. and Thomas A. Howe (1992), =
<I>When=20
                  Critics Ask</I> (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books).=20
                  <P>Hamilton, Victor P. (1990), <I>The Book of =
Genesis</I>=20
                  (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans).=20
                  <P>Kaiser, Walter C. Jr., Peter H. Davids, F.F. Bruce, =
and=20
                  Manfred T. Brauch (1996), <I>Hard Sayings of the =
Bible</I>=20
                  (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press).=20
                  <P>Keil, C.F. and F. Delitzsch (1996), <I>Keil and =
Delitzsch=20
                  Commentary on the Old Testament</I> (Electronic =
Database:=20
                  Biblesoft), new updated edition.=20
                  <P>Kitchen, Kenneth (1966), <I>Ancient Orient and Old=20
                  Testament </I>(Chicago: Inter-Varsity Press).=20
                  <P>Leupold, Herbert C. (1942), <I>Exposition of =
Genesis</I>=20
                  (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker).=20
                  <P>McGarvey, J.W. (1875), <I>Commentary on Matthew and =

                  Mark</I> (Delight AR: Gospel Light).=20
                  <P>Richards, Larry (1993), <I>735 Baffling Bible =
Questions=20
                  Answered</I> (Grand Rapids, MI: Revell).=20
                  <P><I>The Wycliffe Bible Commentary</I> (1962), =
(Electronic=20
                  Database: Biblesoft).=20
                  <HR>

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                  <P>Apologetics Press<BR>230 Landmark =
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