MSNBC - Scholars debate death on the cross

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The Crucifixion is the = centerpiece of the=20 movie, set to open in U.S. theaters on Feb. 25, Ash Wednesday on the = Roman=20 Catholic calendar.

People who have seen the movie say it adopts = standard=20 Christian imagery in excruciating detail: Jesus being pinioned to a = Latin cross=20 =E2=80=94 a T-shaped device with a short upper extension =E2=80=94 with = one nail driven through=20 both feet and one through each palm.

In a December e-mail sent to The Associated = Press, Gibson=20 said he did =E2=80=9Can immense amount of reading=E2=80=9D to supplement = the Bible=E2=80=99s relatively=20 unadorned account of the Crucifixion in the four Gospels.

=E2=80=9CI consulted a huge number of = theologians, scholars,=20 priests, spiritual writers,=E2=80=9D Gibson wrote. =E2=80=9CThe film is = faithful to the Gospels=20 but I had to fill in a lot of details =E2=80=94 like the way Jesus would = have carried=20 His cross, or whether the nails went through the palms of His hands or = his=20 wrists ... Since the experts canceled each other out, I was thrown back = on my=20 own resources to weigh the different arguments and decide for = myself.=E2=80=9D

Details open to = debate
Some=20 scholars say even the most widely recognized features of the = crucifixion, such=20 as the shape of the cross and the use of nails, are open to debate.

More on =E2=80=98The = Passion of the=20 Christ=E2=80=99

=E2=80=A2=20 =E2=80=98The = Passion=E2=80=99 is=20 poised for success

=E2=80=A2=20 Playing = Christ a=20 challenge for Caviezel

=E2=80=A2=20 Newsweek: = Gibson's=20 =E2=80=98Passion=E2=80=99

=E2=80=A2=20 Gibson = defends =E2=80=98The=20 Passion of the=20 = Christ=E2=80=99
James=20 F. Strange, professor of religious studies at the University of South = Florida in=20 Tampa, said 1st-century historian Josephus provided only general = information,=20 probably because crucifixion was so common that details seemed = superfluous.

Crucifixion was first used in the 5th century = B.C., and=20 was a widely used form of execution in Asia, Europe and Africa for the = ensuing=20 eight centuries, said Israeli anthropologist Joe Zias. Depending on = technique,=20 death could be swift or take days.

=E2=80=9CIf you suspended people by their hands = and left their=20 feet free you would kill them within an hour,=E2=80=9D Zias said. = =E2=80=9CIf you suspended them=20 in a way they couldn=E2=80=99t exhale they=E2=80=99d be dead within = minutes.=E2=80=9D

Zias said the question of whether Jesus was = nailed to the=20 cross or simply tied to it remains a mystery. =E2=80=9CThere is no = evidence whatsoever=20 he was nailed,=E2=80=9D he said. =E2=80=9CThe Gospels say he was = crucified and leave it at=20 that.=E2=80=9D

'Crucifixion = 101'
Zias=20 criticized =E2=80=9CThe Passion of The Christ=E2=80=9D for accepting the = standard version of=20 three nails being used. He said experiments on cadavers carried out by = the=20 Catholic Church in the Middle Ages have shown that people hanging with = nails=20 through their hands will fall to the ground within a relatively short = time,=20 pulled by gravity.

The Gospels suggest it took Jesus three to = six hours=20 to die.

=E2=80=9CAll this is Crucifixion 101,=E2=80=9D = Zias said. =E2=80=9CPeople who=20 study these things understand them. But Gibson ignored them in his = film.=E2=80=9D

Photos and film clips released in advance of = the movie=20 indicate that Gibson's version of the Crucifixion has Jesus nailed as = well as=20 tied to the cross.

John Dominic Crossan, emeritus professor of = religious=20 studies at DePaul University in Chicago, agrees with Zias that little is = known=20 about Jesus=E2=80=99 execution.

=E2=80=9CEarly Christians believed that Jesus = was nailed to the=20 cross,=E2=80=9D he said. =E2=80=9CBut there is absolutely no proof of = this. The only skeleton of=20 a crucified person ever recovered indicated that the two arms were tied = to a=20 crossbar, and two nails were used in either shinbone. There was no = standard=20 procedure in any of this. The only common feature in the different types = of=20 crucifixion is intense sadism.=E2=80=9D

Shape of the = cross
The type of=20 cross in Jesus=E2=80=99 execution is also in question, Crossan said. = First-century=20 Romans are known to have used both a T-shaped device, without an upper=20 extension, and the Latin cross that is standard in Christian = iconography.

Each of the four Gospels says an inscription = mocking=20 Jesus as the =E2=80=9Cking of the Jews=E2=80=9D was affixed to the = cross. Crossan said this=20 would have made sense =E2=80=9Cbecause the whole point of crucifixion = was to warn people=20 through alluding to a specific crime.=E2=80=9D

Two of the Gospels say the inscription was = mounted above=20 Jesus. This presumably would strengthen the argument for a Latin cross, = which=20 would have provided space for writing about the condemned man=E2=80=99s = head.

However, the other two Gospels don=E2=80=99t = give a locator. =E2=80=9CIt=20 (the written warning) could just as easily have hung around his = neck,=E2=80=9D Crossan=20 said.

What did Jesus = carry?
Crossan=20 is also uncertain whether the complete cross on which Jesus was = crucified was=20 carried to the execution grounds =E2=80=94 either by Simon of Cyrene, as = three of the=20 Gospels report, or by Jesus himself, according to John=E2=80=99s = account.

It is possible that the vertical part of the = cross was=20 kept at Golgotha, the place of Jesus=E2=80=99 death, and that the = condemned person=20 carried the crossbar, Crossan said.

=E2=80=9CThe point is we simply don=E2=80=99t = know,=E2=80=9D he said, =E2=80=9Cnot in=20 general cases and not in the case of Jesus either.=E2=80=9D

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if(mq.isGecko){ var oMqd=3Ddocument.getElementById(sDivId); }else{ var oMqd=3Dwindow[sDivId]; } if ((mq.bScroll) && (mq.items > 1)){oMqd.style.paddingLeft = =3D "780";} oMqd.innerHTML=3Dmq.mq_as[mq.Current]; }else{ var aMql =3D document.mql.document.layers; var iOld=3Dmq.Current; aMql[iOld].visibility=3D'hidden'; aMql[mq.Current].visibility=3D'show'; } if (mq.items > 1){ = (mq.bScroll)?mq_move(790,sDivId):mq_timer(mq.Time,sDivId); mq.Current++; if(mq.Current>mq.items)mq.Current=3D1; } } } function mq_move(n,sDiv){ if(n>0){ document.getElementById(sDiv).style.paddingLeft =3D n; setTimeout("mq_move('"+ (n-30) +"','" + sDiv +"')",30); }else{ mq_timer(mq_a[sDiv].Time,sDiv); } } function mq_timer(n,sDiv){ if(mq_a[sDiv].Timer)clearTimeout(mq_a[sDiv].Timer) mq_a[sDiv].Timer=3D0; if(n>0)mq_a[sDiv].Timer=3DsetTimeout("mq_write('"+ sDiv +"')",n) } //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3Dend marquee = code=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D*/ function msnSideBar(bNFirst) { var oS=3Dnew UberSniff(); if (oS.ie||oS.nn>=3D5){ var oSBar=3D(oS.nn)?document.getElementById("DCol"):sBar; = oSBar.style.display=3D(((oS.ie)?document.body.clientWidth:self.innerWidth= )>935)?"block":"none"; if (!bNFirst){ if (oS.ie>=3D5&&!oS.mac){window.attachEvent("onresize",msnSideBar);} else{window.onresize=3DmsnSideBar;} } } } function oMvsLink(gPV,sGuid,bDck,sMenu,sSubM,sURL,sPL,bRP,bStatic){ var = sLink=3D"http://g.msn.com/0VD0/"+gPV+"/3"+((bDck)?"7":"6")+"?setcp=3DB"; if (arguments.length>1){ sLink+=3D(bStatic)?"&autostart=3D0":""; sLink+=3D((sMenu)?("&menu=3D"+sMenu+"&menuItem=3D"+sSubM):""); sPL=3DsGuid+((sPL)?","+sPL:""); sLink+=3D((!bRP)?"&prepend=3D":"&replace=3D")+sPL; } if (!bDck){ var = ovp=3Dwindow.open(sLink+"&undock=3Dtrue","ovp","width=3D797,height=3D493"= ); if (sURL){location.href=3DsURL;} } else{ location.href=3DsLink; } } function m_OpenMPV3(sType,sAsx){ var sUA =3D navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); if (sUA.indexOf("webtv")>-1) { alert("Sorry, your browser does not support MSNBC video."); } else{ if((sType.toLowerCase()=3D=3D"a")) { location.href =3D = "http://www.msnbc.com/news/asx/audio/28/"+sAsx+".asx"; } else { if (sAsx.indexOf("live_video")>-1){ location.href=3D"http://video.msn.com/launch.htm?c=3Dlive&t=3Dlive"; } else{ var = ovp=3Dwindow.open("http://g.msn.com/0VD0/00/36?m=3D"+sAsx+"&csid=3DMsnbc&= setcp=3DB&autostart=3D0&undock=3Dtrue","ovp","width=3D797,height=3D493");= } } } } function OpenSS(sPath,sName,b6x4,b8x6,b10x7) { var sQry=3D(sPath.indexOf("?")>=3D0)?"&":"?"; oUser=3Dnew UberSniff(); if(self.name=3D=3D'') {self.name=3D"cover";} nW=3DoUser.screenWidth; = sOptions=3D"resizeable=3Dyes,top=3D0,left=3D0,screenx=3D0,screeny=3D0,wid= th=3D"; = sOptions+=3D(nW>=3D1024&&b10x7)?"935,height=3D700":((nW>=3D800&&b8x6)?"67= 5,height=3D520":"510,height=3D430"); if((nW<800&&!b6x4)||(oUser.mac>0&&nW<=3D700)){ location.href=3DsPath+sQry+"fmt=3D&res=3Dinline"; return; } else { = sPath+=3D(sQry+"res=3D"+((nW>=3D1024&&b10x7)?"10x7":((nW>=3D800&&b8x6)?"8= x6":"6x4"))); var sQry=3D"&"; var = xwinopen=3Dwindow.open(sPath+sQry+"fmt=3Dchild","slideshowhi",sOptions); if(oUser.nn>3||oUser.ie>3) {xwinopen.focus();} } } function SSOpen(nId, nSize, sFrame, sVar1, sVar2) { if (!nId) return; if (!nSize||nSize=3D=3D'') nSize =3D 0; oUser=3Dnew UberSniff(); var nW=3DoUser.screenWidth; var = sOptions=3D"resizable=3Dno,top=3D0,left=3D0,screenx=3D0,screeny=3D0"; var sHref =3D "/id/"+nId+"/displaymode/1107/"; if (sFrame&&sFrame!=3D'')sHref+=3D"framenumber/"+sFrame+"/"; if (sVar1&&sVar1!=3D'')sHref+=3D"var1/"+sVar1+"/"; if (sVar2&&sVar2!=3D'')sHref+=3D"var2/"+sVar2+"/"; var bNew =3D true; if (((nSize=3D=3D0)||(nSize=3D=3D2))&&nW>=3D935) { sOptions+=3D",width=3D935,height=3D700"; sHref+=3D"s/2/"; } else if (((nSize=3D=3D0)||(nSize=3D=3D1))&&nW>=3D780) { sOptions+=3D",width=3D780,height=3D534"; sHref+=3D"s/1/"; } else { bNew =3D false; } if (!bNew) { var xwinopen=3Dwindow.open(sHref,"slideshow"); } else { var xwinopen=3Dwindow.open(sHref,"slideshow",sOptions); if(oUser.nn>3||oUser.ie>3) {xwinopen.focus();} } } function tryCatch(sTry,sCatch){ this.trycatch=3Dnew Function("try{"+sTry+"}catch(e){"+sCatch+"}"); this.trycatchV=3Dnew = Function("s1","try{"+sTry+"}catch(e){"+sCatch+"}"); } function UberSniff(sUndefined) { var ua=3Dnavigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); this.webtv =3D (ua.indexOf("webtv")>-1); this.ie =3D (parseFloat(ua.slice(ua.indexOf("msie")+5))); this.nn =3D = (this.ie)?(-1):(parseFloat(ua.slice(ua.indexOf("mozilla/")+8))); this.mac =3D (ua.indexOf("mac")>-1); //flash version if (navigator.MSNBCFlashVer=3D=3DsUndefined){ if (this.nn<=3D0&&this.ie<5) { navigator.MSNBCFlashVer=3D6; } else { if (!this.mac&&this.ie>4) { var oTestVersion=3Dnew tryCatch("oWMPlayer=3Dnew = ActiveXObject('ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.'+s1);return s1;","return = 0;"); navigator.MSNBCFlashVer=3D-1; for (var nCheckVersion=3D7;nCheckVersion>2;--nCheckVersion){ if = (oTestVersion.trycatchV(nCheckVersion)){navigator.MSNBCFlashVer=3DnCheckV= ersion; break;} } } else{ if(navigator.plugins['Shockwave Flash']){ navigator.MSNBCFlashVer=3D(parseInt(navigator.plugins['Shockwave = Flash'].description.substr(16))); } else { navigator.MSNBCFlashVer=3D-1; } } } } this.flash=3Dnavigator.MSNBCFlashVer; if (navigator.MSNBCMPlayer=3D=3DsUndefined){ if ((this.nn<=3D0&&this.ie<5)||this.mac) { navigator.MSNBCMPlayer=3Dtrue; } else { if (!this.mac&&this.ie>4) { var oTestVersion=3Dnew tryCatch("oWMPlayer=3Dnew = ActiveXObject('WMPlayer.OCX');return oWMPlayer.versionInfo;","return = 0;"); if = (oTestVersion.trycatch()){navigator.MSNBCMPlayer=3DoTestVersion.trycatch(= ); } else { for (itest=3D0;itest<9;++itest){ oTestVersion=3Dnew tryCatch("oWMPlayer=3Dnew = ActiveXObject('MediaPlayer.MediaPlayer.'+itest);return 1;","return 0;"); navigator.MSNBCMPlayer=3D(oTestVersion.trycatch()); if (navigator.MSNBCMPlayer) {itest=3D100;} } } } else{ = navigator.MSNBCMPlayer=3D!!(navigator.mimeTypes&&navigator.mimeTypes["vid= eo/x-ms-wm"]&&navigator.mimeTypes["video/x-ms-wm"].enabledPlugin); } } } this.mplayer=3Dnavigator.MSNBCMPlayer; // screen resolution this.screenHeight =3D screen.height; this.screenWidth =3D screen.width; this.colorDepth =3D (this.nn>=3D4)?screen.pixelDepth:screen.colorDepth; } // image rollover code. Author - Brenden West. Updated 8-22-01 if (!window.sSelectedImg) { var sSelectedImg =3D new Array(); } function SwapImage(sImage,nState) { // image states: 0=3Dout, 1=3Dover, 2=3Dselected, 3=3Drollover & = selected are same if (document.images) { if (parseInt(sImage)>=3D0) { // convert old method sImage =3D "MenuImg" + sImage; } var oImage =3D document.images[sImage]; if (oImage) { var sMenu =3D (sImage.indexOf("_img") > 0) ? = sImage.substring(0,sImage.indexOf("_img")) : "x"; if (!sSelectedImg[sMenu]) { sSelectedImg[sMenu]=3D""; } var oSelImg =3D sSelectedImg[sMenu]; if (oSelImg !=3D oImage) { var sNewState =3D "_"+nState+"."; if (nState=3D=3D0) { sNewState =3D "."; } else if (nState=3D=3D3) { sNewState =3D "_1."; } var sSrc =3D oImage.src; var sSrc1 =3D sSrc.substring(0,sSrc.lastIndexOf(".")+1); var sSrc2 =3D sSrc.substring(sSrc.lastIndexOf(".")+1); if (sSrc1.indexOf("_1.") > 0) { oImage.src =3D sSrc1.replace(/_1\.$/,sNewState) + sSrc2; } else if (sSrc !=3D oSelImg.src) { oImage.src =3D sSrc1.replace(/\.$/,sNewState) + sSrc2; } if (nState > 1) { if (oSelImg) { oSelImg.src =3D oSelImg.src.replace("_1.","."); oSelImg.src =3D oSelImg.src.replace("_2.","."); } sSelectedImg[sMenu] =3D oImage; } } } } } function navImgFailover(oImage) { // fail over to default src for missing nav states if (oImage.src.indexOf("_1.") > -1) { SwapImage(oImage.name,0); } else if (oImage.src.indexOf("_2.") > -1) { = SwapImage(oImage.name.substring(0,oImage.name.indexOf("_img"))+"_img99",2= );SwapImage(oImage.name,3); } } function OpenChildWindow(sPath,sName,sOptions) { var oUser=3Dnew UberSniff(); if(self.name=3D=3D'') {self.name =3D "cover";} if = ((sPath.indexOf("/c/")>=3D0&&sPath.toLowerCase().indexOf("ssmain")>=3D0))= { var sQry=3D(sPath.indexOf("?")>=3D0)?"&":"?"; var nW=3DoUser.screenWidth; = sOptions=3D"resizeable=3Dyes,top=3D0,left=3D0,screenx=3D0,screeny=3D0,wid= th=3D"; sOptions+=3D(nW>=3D1024)?"935,height=3D700":"675,height=3D520"; if(nW<800){ = location.href=3DsPath.replace(/fmt=3Dchild/i,"fmt=3D")+sQry+"res=3Dinline= "; return; } else { sPath+=3DsQry+"res=3D"+((nW>=3D1024)?"10x7":"8x6"); } } var x =3D window.open(sPath,sName,sOptions); if(oUser.nn>3 || oUser.ie>3) {x.focus();} } function OCW(sPath,sName,sOptions) { OpenChildWindow(sPath,sName,sOptions); } function writeFlashComponent2(oFl) { if(!window.oSniff) oSniff=3Dnew UberSniff(); if (oFl.instrumented) { oFl.instrumentInit(); oFl.instrument.flashVer=3DoSniff.flash; = oFl.instrument.browser=3D((oSniff.ie>0)*1)+((oSniff.nn>0)*2)+((oSniff.ie<= 1&&oSniff.nn<1)*3); = oFl.instrument.browserVer=3D((oSniff.ie>0)*oSniff.ie)+((oSniff.nn>0)*oSni= ff.nn); } var sReturn; var noFlashLink1=3D""; var noFlashLink2=3D"

"; if (oFl.downloadLink=3D=3D"top" || oFl.downloadLink=3D=3D"") { noFlashLink1=3D""; noFlashLink2=3D""; } else if (oFl.downloadLink=3D=3D"crop") { if (!oSniff.flash) { oFl.height =3D oFl.height-25;} } if (oFl.altImgWB3) { switch (oFl.defaultType) { case 1: noFlashLink1 =3D "" sReturn =3D ""+noFlashLink1+oFl.altImgWB3+noFlashLink2+""; break; case 2: sReturn =3D oFl.altImgWB3; break; case 3: sReturn =3D oFl.htm; break; default: sReturn =3D ""+noFlashLink1+oFl.altImgWB3+noFlashLink2+""; } } else { switch (oFl.defaultType) { case 1: noFlashLink1 =3D "" sReturn=3D""+noFlashLink1+"

"+noFlashLink2+""; break; case 2: sReturn=3D"

"+oFl.imageMap; break; case 3: sReturn =3D oFl.htm; break; default: sReturn=3D""+noFlashLink1+"

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Click to learn = more." : oData.sDisclaimer; } if (!oData.sAnswers) { oData.sAnswers=3D""; } if (!oData.sAnsText) { oData.sAnsText=3D""; } if (!oData.sSubHeds) { oData.sSubHeds=3D""; } if (!oData.rowAlt) { oData.rowAlt =3D "EEEEEE"; } if (!oData.rowSpacer) { oData.rowSpacer =3D 15; } if (!oData.copyMargin) { oData.copyMargin =3D 9; } if (!oData.copyBorder) { oData.copyBorder =3D "border:0px;"; } if (!oData.offlineHed) { oData.offlineHed =3D "NBC/WSJ"; } // LEV only if (oData.bCancel =3D=3D null) { oData.bCancel =3D 1; } if (oData.bVoteAgain =3D=3D null && oData.surveyType =3D=3D "lev") { = oData.bVoteAgain =3D 1; } if (oData.bRequireAll =3D=3D null) { oData.bRequireAll=3D0; } } function getSurveyStyles(oData) { var LVname =3D oData.ID; var appStyle =3D oData.sBodyFont; if (oData.sAlign =3D=3D "left" || oData.sAlign =3D=3D "right") { var sAppPad =3D (oData.sAlign=3D=3D"right") ? "left" : "right"; =20 appStyle +=3D " float:" +oData.sAlign+ = ";margin-top:5;margin-bottom:5;margin-" +sAppPad+ ":5;"; } var sTmp =3D ""; return sTmp; } function DisplayLV(oData) { if (oData) { surveyDefaults(oData); document.write(getSurveyStyles(oData)); // conditional settings if (oData.bVoting =3D=3D 0) { act =3D "results"; } if (location.href.indexOf("refer=3Dvote") > 0) { // LEV only act=3D"results";=20 } if (oData.appFmt =3D=3D 4) { // scorecard var aTmp =3D oData.subHeds.split("^"); if (oData.appWidth =3D=3D 148) { oData.appWidth =3D 360; } oData.itemsPerSubHed =3D (aTmp[1]) ? aTmp.split("|") : ""; oData.subHeds =3D aTmp[0].split("|"); } if (!oData.bResults) { oData.sVotePrompt =3D ""; = oData.sDisclaimer=3D""; } if (oData.sAnswers) {=20 oData.butSubmit =3D "Submit"; oData.appDeck[1] +=3D "Correct answers are shown in green. Percentages indicate how other MSNBC = readers responded."; } if (act=3D=3D"vote" && oData.bVoting) { if (oData.surveyType && oData.surveyType =3D=3D "lev") { LEVDisplayForm(oData); } else { LVDisplayForm(oData); } =09 if (oData.bDhtml) { LVDisplayRes(oData); } } else { LVDisplayRes(oData); if (oData.bVoteAgain && oData.bVoting) { = setTimeout("SetClock()",1000); } } } } function Vote(LVname,bDhtml) { var bVoted =3D false; var F =3D eval("document.fm_"+LVname); var qstr =3D F.elements[0].name+"=3D"+F.elements[0].value+"&" + = F.elements[1].name+"=3D"+F.elements[1].value+"&" for (var i=3D2;i" + aLV.butSubmit + ""; if (aLV.butSubmit.indexOf("http://") =3D=3D 0) {=20 butSubmit =3D "";=20 } else if (aLV.butSubmit.indexOf("<") =3D=3D 0) {=20 butSubmit =3D "" + aLV.butSubmit+"";=20 } document.write(""); document.write(""); if (aLV.sResponseUrl) { document.write(""); } if (aLV.appFmt !=3D 4) { var widthQ =3D = (aLV.appWidth-14*aLV.columns-2*aLV.copyMargin-10*(aLV.columns-1))/aLV.col= umns;=20 var nToteCols =3D 2 + 2*aLV.columns + aLV.columns-1; if (aLV.appHeader) { document.write(""); } document.write(""); // end box if (aLV.appFooter) { document.write(""); } } else if (aLV.appFmt=3D=3D4) { var iQnum =3D 1; var nGroups =3D aLV.subHeds.length; var nItems =3D (aLV.length-1)/nGroups; if (aLV.appHeader[0]) { document.write(""); } if (aLV.appDeck[0]) { document.write(""); } for (i=3D0;i1) { // unequal # of items nItems =3D aLV.itemsPerSubHed[i]; } document.write(""); for (j=3D0;j"); iQnum++; } } document.write(""); if (aLV.appFooter) { document.write(""); = } } document.write("
" + aLV.appHeader + " " +sSpacer+ = "
"); if (aLV.appDeck[0]) { document.write(""); } for (i=3D1;i 1) { document.write(""); } document.write(""); var cntr =3D 0 for (var j=3D1;j"); } document.write(""); if (cntr+1 % aLV.columns =3D=3D 0) { document.write(""); } cntr++ } } } } document.write(""); document.write("
" +sSpacer+ = " " = +aLV.appDeck[0]+ " " +sSpacer+ = "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ = " " + = qNumDisp + aLV[i][0][0] + " " = +sSpacer+ "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ = " "+ aLV[i][j][0] +" " +sSpacer+ "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ " " +butSubmit + "
"+aLV.sVotePrompt+" " +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ "
" = +aLV.appFooter+ "
" + aLV.appHeader[0] + "
" +aLV.appDeck[0]+ "
" +aLV.subHeds[i]+ = "
" +sSpacer+ "
"); for (var k=3D1;k "); } document.write(" " +sSpacer+ "
" +butSubmit + "
" +aLV.appFooter+ "
"); } function LVDisplayRes(aLV) { var sTmp =3D ""; var qNum =3D 0; var qNumDisp =3D ""; var LVname =3D aLV.ID; var sVisible =3D (act=3D=3D"vote") ? " style=3D'display:none' " : ""; document.write(""); if (aLV.appFmt < 4) { // vertical columns var nColWidth =3D (aLV.appWidth-10*aLV.columns)/aLV.columns; var nToteCols =3D 2*aLV.columns; if (aLV.appHeader) { document.write(""); } document.write(""); // end box if (aLV.appFooter) { document.write(""); } } else if (aLV.appFmt=3D=3D4) { var sAltColor =3D "bgcolor=3D"+ aLV.rowAlt; if (aLV.appHeader[1]) { document.write(""); } =09 if (aLV.appDeck[1]) { document.write(""); } if (aLV.bResults) { var sPlural =3D (aLV[1][0][1] !=3D 1) ? "s" : ""; document.write(""); var nGroups =3D aLV.subHeds.length; var nItems =3D (aLV.length-1)/nGroups; iQnum =3D 1; for (i=3D0;i"); if (aLV.itemsPerSubHed.length>1) { // unequal # of items nItems =3D aLV.itemsPerSubHed[i]; } var Rating =3D 0; for (j=3D0;j"); iQnum++; } // maybe make this conditional Rating =3D Math.round((Rating/nItems)*100)/100 document.write(""); document.write(""); } } // end results // LEV revote if (aLV.bVoting && aLV.bVoteAgain) { document.write(""); } =09 document.write(""); if (aLV.appFooter) { document.write(""); = } } else if (aLV.appFmt=3D=3D5) { // COMPARISON var sAltColor =3D "bgcolor=3D"+ aLV.rowAlt; if (aLV.appHeader) { document.write(""); } if (aLV.appDeck[1]) { document.write(""); } document.write(""); for (i=3D1;i1) ? '
' : ''; var sPlural =3D (aLV[i][0][1] !=3D 1) ? "s" : ""; document.write(""); var cntr=3D0; for (var j=3D1;j 0) { nPercent =3D Math.round(100*(aLV[i][j][1]/aLV[i][0][1])); } else { nPercent =3D 0; } document.write(""); cntr++; } } } } =09 // LEV revote if (aLV.bVoting && aLV.bVoteAgain) { document.write(""); }=09 if (aLV.appFooter) { document.write(""); } } document.write("
" + aLV.appHeader + " " +sSpacer+ = "
"); if (aLV.appDeck[1]) { document.write(""); } if (aLV.bResults) { if (aLV.sAnswers) { var sAnswers =3D aLV.sAnswers.split(","); var sAnsText =3D aLV.sAnsText.split("|"); } for (i=3D1;i 1) { document.write(""); } var spacer =3D (i>1) ? '
' : ''; var sPlural =3D (aLV[i][0][1] !=3D 1) ? "s" : ""; document.write(""); var cntr =3D 0 for (var j=3D1;j 0) { nPercent =3D Math.round(100*(aLV[i][j][1]/aLV[i][0][1])); var nBarWidth =3D Math.round((nColWidth-65) * = (aLV[i][j][1]/aLV[i][0][1])); sImg =3D ""; } else { nPercent =3D 0; sImg =3D ""; } sTmp =3D aLV[i][j][0]; if (aLV.sAnswers && j=3D=3DsAnswers[i-1]) { sTmp =3D "" + sTmp + ": "; if (sAnsText[i-1]) { sTmp +=3D sAnsText[i-1]; } } if (cntr % aLV.columns =3D=3D 0) { document.write(""); } document.write(""); if (cntr+1 % aLV.columns =3D=3D 0) { document.write(""); } cntr++ } } } } } // LEV revote if (aLV.bVoting && aLV.bVoteAgain) { document.write(""); document.write("
" +sSpacer+ = " " = +aLV.appDeck[1]+ " " +sSpacer+ = "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" = +sSpacer+ " * " + aLV[i][0][1] + " response" +sPlural+ = " " +sSpacer+ = "
" +sSpacer+ = "
" +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ = " " + sTmp + "
" + nPercent +"% = " +sImg+ "
" +sSpacer+ " " = +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ = " " + aLV.sDisclaimer+ "
" +sSpacer+ "
" = +aLV.appFooter+ "
" + aLV.appHeader[1] + "
" +aLV.appDeck[1]+ "
" + = aLV[1][0][1] + " * " + aLV[1][0][1] + " response" +sPlural+ = "
" +aLV.subHeds[i]+ " Rating " +sSpacer+ = "
" = +sSpacer+ " " +sSpacer+ "
" = +sSpacer+ " "+aLV[iQnum][0][0]+" " = +MakeStars(subRating)+ " " = +subRating+ " " +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ " " +sSpacer+ = "
Overall " = +MakeStars(Rating)+ " " +Rating+ = "
" +sSpacer+ " " +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ "
If you change your mind, you can = vote again in seconds.
" +sSpacer+ = "
"+ aLV.sDisclaimer+ "
" +aLV.appFooter+ "
" + aLV.appHeader + "
" = +aLV.appDeck[1]+ "
" +sSpacer+ = "
* Percentages may not = total to 100% for each question due to non-responses
" = +sSpacer+ "
" = +sSpacer+ " " + = qNumDisp + aLV[i][0][0] + " * " + aLV[i][0][1] + " web response" +sPlural+ = " " +sSpacer+ = "
" +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ " RESPONSES " +sSpacer+ " WEB " = +aLV.offlineHed+ " " +sSpacer+ = "
" +sSpacer+ " " +sSpacer+ " " +sSpacer+ = "
" +sSpacer+ = " " +aLV[i][j][0]+ = " " +sSpacer+ " " +nPercent+ "% " = +nbcres[i-1][j-1]+ "% " +sSpacer+ = "
" +sSpacer+ "
If you change your mind, you can = vote again in seconds.
" +sSpacer+ = "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" +aLV.appFooter+ "
"); } function LEVDisplayForm(aLV) { var sTmp =3D ""; var qNumDisp =3D ""; var LVname =3D aLV.ID; document.write(""); document.write(""); if (aLV.bCancel) { document.write(""); } if (aLV.appFmt !=3D 4) { var widthQ =3D = (aLV.appWidth-14*aLV.columns-2*aLV.copyMargin-10*(aLV.columns-1))/aLV.col= umns;=20 var nToteCols =3D 2 + 2*aLV.columns + aLV.columns-1; if (aLV.appHeader) { document.write(""); } document.write(""); // end box if (aLV.appFooter) { document.write(""); } } else if (aLV.appFmt=3D=3D4) { var iQnum =3D 1; var nGroups =3D aLV.subHeds.length; var nItems =3D (aLV.length-1)/nGroups; if (aLV.appHeader[0]) { document.write(""); } if (aLV.appDeck[0]) { document.write(""); } for (i=3D0;i1) { // unequal # of items nItems =3D aLV.itemsPerSubHed[i]; } document.write(""); for (j=3D0;j"); iQnum++; } } document.write(""); } document.write("
" + aLV.appHeader + " " +sSpacer+ = "
"); if (aLV.appDeck[0]) { document.write(""); } for (i=3D1;i 1) { document.write(""); } document.write(""); var cntr =3D 0 for (var j=3D1;j"); } document.write(""); if (cntr+1 % aLV.columns =3D=3D 0) { document.write(""); } cntr++ } } } } document.write(""); document.write("
" +sSpacer+ = " " = +aLV.appDeck[0]+ " " +sSpacer+ = "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ = " " + = qNumDisp + aLV[i][0][0] + " " = +sSpacer+ "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ = " "+ aLV[i][j][0] +" " +sSpacer+ "
" = +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ "
"+aLV.sVotePrompt+" " +sSpacer+ "
" +sSpacer+ "
" = +aLV.appFooter+ "
" + aLV.appHeader[0] + "
" +aLV.appDeck[0]+ "
" +aLV.subHeds[i]+ = "
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WormVue Wonders
$19.99
Peek into the underground world of earthworms! See = how they turn waste into soil and dig tunnels to create drainage for = plants. Perform experiments to demonstrate how worms live and work = underground. Complete kit includes: Double-sided viewing unit = with
Toysrus.com
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Eyewitness Space Exploration Kit
$11.99
Toysrus.com
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