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<P><A name=3Dpage_58><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 58</FONT></A></P>
<H1 align=3Dcenter>CHAPTER IV.</H1>
<P align=3Dcenter>REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE TWO GOATS OF THE DAY OF =
ATONEMENT:=20
HOW THEY WERE SLAUGHTERED, SENT AWAY, ETC.</P>
<P>MISHNA: He shook the box, and took out two lots. On one is written, =
"to=20
Jehovah"; on the other is written, "to Azazel." The Segan is at his =
right, and=20
the head of the family [see above] on his left. If that of Jehovah was =
taken up=20
by his right hand, the Segan says to him, "My lord the high-priest, =
raise thy=20
right hand." If that of Jehovah was taken up by his left hand, the head =
of the=20
family addresses him: "My lord the high-priest, raise thy left hand." He =
placed=20
them [the lots] on the two he-goats, and uttered: "To Jehovah a =
sin-offering."=20
R. Ishmael says: It was not necessary for him to say "sin-offering," but =
"to=20
Jehovah" sufficed. They responded: "Blessed be the name of His kingdom's =
glory=20
for ever."</P>
<P>GEMARA: Why had he to shake the box? That he should not have =
intentionally=20
taken that for Jehovah in his right hand (as it was a good omen if he =
took it up=20
by chance). Rabh said: The box was of wood, and was not sacred, and =
could=20
contain only the two palms of the hand. Rabbina opposed: It is right =
that it had=20
only capacity for the two palms, that he might not intentionally take =
the lot=20
for the Lord; but if it was profane, he should have sanctified it? The =
answer=20
is: If he had sanctified it, it would have been a wooden sacred vessel, =
and in=20
the Temple wooden sacred vessels were not used. Let them have made it of =
silver=20
or gold? Because the Torah wished to spare the wealth of Israel. The =
Mishna is=20
at variance with the Tana of the following Boraitha: R. Jehudah says in =
the name=20
of R. Eliezer: The Segan and the high-priest both placed their hands in =
the box.=20
When that for Jehovah was picked up by the high-priest, the Segan said =
to him:=20
"My lord the high-priest, raise thy right hand." But if it was picked up =
by the=20
Segan, the chief of the family said to him: "Speak thy words." Why not =
the Segan=20
himself? The lot came into the hand of the Segan, and</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_59><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 59</FONT></A></P>
<P>not of the high-priest; therefore the spirits of the latter would =
have been=20
depressed. On what point do they differ? One thinks, the right hand of =
the Segan=20
is better than the left hand of the high-priest, and therefore both =
should put=20
into the box their right hand; whereas the other thinks that the left =
hand of=20
the high-priest is as good as the right hand of the Segan, and therefore =
he=20
ought to place both his hands in the box. And who is the Tana who =
differs from=20
R. Jehudah? That is R. Hanina, the Segan of the priests. As we have =
learned in=20
the following Boraitha: R. Hanina the Segan of the priests said: Why did =
the=20
Segan ever walk on the right of the high-priest? In case the high-priest =
became=20
unfit for service, the Segan should enter at once to do the service.</P>
<P>The rabbis taught: In the time of the forty years during which Simeon =
the=20
Upright was high-priest, the lot for Jehovah always came into the =
high-priest's=20
right hand, but thereafter it sometimes fell into his right, sometimes =
into his=20
left hand. And the tongue of crimson wool, during the time of Simeon the =

Upright, always became white. But after Simeon the Upright, sometimes it =
became=20
white, sometimes it remained red. In Simeon the Upright's time the =
western light=20
ever burned, but after him it sometimes burned and sometimes went out. =
The fire=20
of the altar ever waxed in strength, and except the two measures of wood =

prescribed they had not to add any wood, in Simeon the Upright's time; =
but after=20
him, sometimes the fire persisted and sometimes wood had to be added. In =
his=20
time a blessing was sent into the Omer, the two loaves of bread, and the =

showbread, and every priest who received only the size of an olive =
became=20
satiated, and some was left over; but after him, these things were =
cursed, and=20
every priest got only the size of a bean. And the delicate priests =
refused to=20
take it altogether, but the voracious ones accepted and consumed. It =
once=20
happened, one took his own share and his fellow's: he was nicknamed =
"robber"=20
till his death.</P>
<P>The rabbis taught: The year when Simeon the Upright had to die, he =
told the=20
sages: "Children, know ye that this year I am going to die." They asked =
him:=20
"How dost thou know?" He said: "Every year when I entered and left the =
Holy of=20
Holies, I was accompanied by one old man, dressed in white and enveloped =
in=20
white; but this year it was an old man attired in black and in a black =
turban,=20
and he entered with me but did not go out with me." And after the =
festivals, he=20
got sick, and died.</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_60><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 60</FONT></A></P>
<P><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D-2>[paragraph continues]</FONT> And =
thenceforth=20
priests ceased to bless Israel with the name of Jehovah, but used =
"Adonai" (the=20
Lord).</P>
<P>The rabbis taught: Forty years before the Temple was destroyed, the =
lot never=20
came into the right hand, the red wool did not become white, the western =
light=20
did not burn, and the gates of the Temple opened of themselves, till the =
time=20
that R. Johanan b. Zakkai rebuked them, saying: "Temple, Temple, why =
alarmest=20
thou us? We know that thou art destined to be destroyed. For of thee =
hath=20
prophesied Zechariah ben Iddo [Zech. xi. 1]: 'Open thy doors, O Lebanon, =
and the=20
fire shall eat thy cedars.'"</P>
<P>"<I>He placed them on the two he-goats</I>." The rabbis taught: Six =
times the=20
high-priest pronounced God's name, as it is written (Jehovah), during =
the Day of=20
Atonement: three times in the first confession and three times in the =
second=20
confession, and the seventh time when he had drawn the lot. It happened, =
when=20
the high-priest said, "I beseech thee, Jehovah," his voice was heard in =
Jericho,=20
ten <I>Parsas</I> distant from Jerusalem, according to Rabba =
bar&nbsp;bar Hana.=20
And the sound of opening the Temple gates was heard at the distance of =
eight=20
legal limits of Sabbath (16,000 ells). The goats that were in Jericho =
used to=20
sneeze at the incense offered at Jerusalem. A bride in Jerusalem had =
never to=20
perfume herself, as the odor of the incense imbued them all with =
aromatic=20
smells. R. Joel b. Diglai said: My father had goats on the mountains of =
Michmar.=20
They sneezed at the incense. R. Hiya b. Abbin said in the name of R. =
Joshua b.=20
Kar'ha: A certain old man has related to me, that since the time when he =
was=20
walking in Shiloh, he still felt the smell of its formerly offered =
incense.</P>
<P>R. Janai said: To take out the lots from the box was obligatory, but =
to place=20
them on the goats was not so. R. Johanan says: Even taking them out was =
not=20
obligatory. An objection was made from the following Boraitha: The =
disciples=20
asked R. Aqiba, If the lot came into his left hand, might he not put it =
into his=20
right hand? He replied: Do not give the Sadducees opportunity to rebel =
(by=20
declaring it unbiblical). Now here the reason is only that the Sadducees =
should=20
not rebel; but otherwise, we would say, he may transfer it from one hand =
to the=20
other. How, then, can R. Janai say that it was obligatory? Then the lots =
would=20
not be changeable. Said Rabba: They mean to say, not that he may =
transfer the=20
lot in his left hand to his right hand, but that when the lot has been =
placed on=20
the</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_61><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 61</FONT></A></P>
<P>goat for Azazel, whether he may transfer him to his right, and design =
him for=20
the Lord? The answer to this was: Although one may use a thing appointed =
to a=20
less holy purpose for a more holy, yet the Sadducees will rebel.</P>
<P>MISHNA: He tied a tongue of crimson wool to the head of the goat that =
was to=20
be sent away [the scapegoat], and placed him opposite to the gate =
through which=20
he was to be transferred; and the one to be slaughtered, opposite to the =
place=20
of its slaughtering. He went to his bull a second time, putting his =
hands on=20
him, and confessing in these terms: "I beseech thee, Jehovah, I have =
committed=20
iniquities, transgressed, and sinned before Thee, I and my house, and =
the sons=20
of Aaron, Thy holy people: I beseech Thee, Jehovah, forgive the =
iniquities,=20
transgressions, and sins which I have committed, transgressed, and =
sinned, I and=20
my house, and the sons of Aaron, Thy holy people, as it is written in =
the Torah=20
of Moses Thy servant: 'For on that day shall he make atonement for you, =
to=20
cleanse you from all your sins, that ye may be pure before Jehovah.'" =
They=20
respond after him: "Blessed is the name of His kingdom's glory =
forever."</P>
<P>GEMARA: The schoolmen propounded a question: The Mishna states: He =
was placed=20
opposite to the gate, and the one to be slaughtered opposite to the=20
slaughtering-place. Were they to be tied in their places, or only placed =
there?=20
Come and hear! R. Joseph taught: He tied a tongue of crimson wool to the =
head of=20
the goat that was to be sent away, and placed him opposite to the gate, =
and the=20
one to be slaughtered opposite to the slaughtering-place, for the =
purpose that=20
they should not be confounded with one another, as with other goats. =
Now, if the=20
Mishna means they were tied there, it is right; but if only placed, this =
can=20
only prevent their being confounded with each other, as the one has the =
tongue=20
of red wool tied to it, but with other goats the other may be =
confounded? It is=20
meant, then, that they should be tied in their places.</P>
<P>R. Itz'hak said: I have heard a Halakha about two tongues of wool, =
one for=20
the red cow and the other for the scapegoat, that one must be of a =
prescribed=20
quantity and the other need not, and I do not know which it is. Said R. =
Joseph:=20
Let us see. The wool for the goat which was sent away must be divided =
into two=20
parts: one part tied to its horns, and one to the rack; therefore it =
seems that=20
it must be of a prescribed quantity. But the wool for the red cow, which =
need=20
not be divided, need be of no prescribed quantity. Rami b. Hama opposed: =
Even=20
that for</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_62><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 62</FONT></A></P>
<P>the red cow must have a certain weight (as will be explained). Rabha =
answered=20
him: Concerning the weight, the opinions of the Tanaim are different;=20
consequently, no prescribed quantity is needed. When R. Dimi came from=20
Palestine, he said in the name of R. Johanan: I have heard of three =
tongues of=20
wool: one for the red cow, one for the scapegoat, and one for lepers. I =
have=20
heard, one must be of the weight of 10 Zuz, one must have the weight of =
2 Selas,=20
and one of 1 Shekel, but I cannot explain which. When Rabbin came from=20
Palestine, he explained this in the words of R. Jonathan: That for the =
red cow=20
must weigh 10 Zuz, for the scapegoat 2 Selas, and for lepers 1 Shekel. =
(For the=20
red cow, which must have a certain weight, it is 10 Zuz; that of the =
goat, which=20
must be divided, 2 Selas; and the leper's, which need be neither, it is =
a=20
Shekel.)</P>
<P>R. Itz'hak said: I have heard about the two slaughterings, of the red =
cow and=20
of the high-priest's bull, one, if done by a layman, is valid, and the =
other is,=20
in such a case, invalid; but I cannot explain which it is. It was =
taught:=20
Concerning the slaughtering of the red cow and the high-priest's bull, =
Rabh and=20
Samuel differed. One said, if the red cow was slaughtered by a layman, =
it is=20
valid, and the bull, invalid; and the other says the reverse.</P>
<P>It may be ascertained that Rabh is the one who says that the red cow=20
slaughtered by a layman is invalid, because (when Rabh heard) R. Zerah =
said that=20
the red cow slaughtered by a layman is invalid, Rabh said: The reason =
is, that=20
in connection with the red cow is mentioned Elazar (a priest) and =
"statute."</P>
<P>It was taught: Concerning the slaughtering of the red cow by a =
layman, R.=20
Ammi said: It is valid; R. Itz'hak of Naph'ha said: It is invalid; Ulla =
said: It=20
is valid; and others say: It is invalid. R. Joshua b. Abba objected to =
the=20
statement that it is valid, and wanted to support Rabh from the =
following=20
Boraitha: It is certain to us that the sprinkling of the water of the =
red cow is=20
invalid, if a woman has done it instead of a man, or when it was not =
sprinkled=20
in the daytime. But whence do we deduce further that the slaughtering of =
it, and=20
receiving of the blood, and sprinkling of the blood, and burning it, and =
the=20
putting in of the cedar-wood, hyssop, scarlet string, is invalid in such =
cases?=20
Therefore it is written, "The law."</P>
<P>Shall we assume that to them shall be added the gathering of the =
ashes, and=20
the drawing of the water, and the <I>sanctification</I>? Therefore it is =

written: "<I>This</I>" is the statute [Num. xix. 2].</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_63><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 63</FONT></A></P>
<P><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D-2>[paragraph continues]</FONT> But what =
is the reason=20
of including those, and excluding these? Because we find here an =
extension and a=20
limitation, we will say that we may deduce all the ceremonies from the=20
sprinkling of the water. As the sprinkling of the water must be done by =
a male,=20
not by a female, and is valid only in the daytime, we may add to it the=20
slaughtering, the receiving and sprinkling of the blood, the burning, =
putting in=20
of cedar-wood, hyssop, a scarlet string; as it is certain to us that all =
these=20
things are invalid when done by a female, so we conclude it is valid =
only in the=20
daytime; and we will exclude the gathering of the ashes, the drawing of =
the=20
water, and the <I>sanctification</I>, as they may be done by a female, =
so we=20
will conclude they may be done also in the night-time. What is the =
objection? If=20
you will say: "Because it is prohibited to a female, it is also =
prohibited to a=20
layman," you can infer from the sprinkling of the water, which is =
invalid when=20
done by a female, but nevertheless is valid when done by a layman. Said =
Abayi:=20
The objection is this, What is the reason that a female may not sprinkle =
it?=20
Because it is written "Elazar," and we say Elazar, but not a woman. In =
the same=20
manner, we say Elazar (<I>i.e.</I>, a priest), but not a layman. Said =
Ulla: If=20
you will read carefully the whole section about the red cow, you will =
see that=20
one case cannot be compared with the other. Some apparently analogous =
inferences=20
are yet in reality contradictory. And there are apparently analogous =
inferences=20
which are really analogous. (Therefore care must be taken in making =
inferences.)=20
Said R. Assi: (It is so), for when R. Johanan and Resh Lakish learned =
the=20
section of the red cow, they carried away in their heads no more than a =
fox does=20
earth when it runs across a ploughed field, for some apparently =
analogous=20
inferences are really so, and some not.</P>
<P>One Tana taught in the presence of R. Johanan: All slaughterings may =
be done=20
by a layman, except that of the red cow. Said R. Johanan to him: "Go and =
teach=20
it outside of the college; for we find no single kind of slaughtering =
invalid=20
when done by a layman." And R. Johanan not only disregarded this Tana's=20
teaching, but even his own Master's; for R. Johanan said in the name of =
R.=20
Simeon b. Jehozadak: "The slaughtering of a red cow by a layman is =
invalid." But=20
I say it is valid, because we do not find any kind of slaughtering =
invalid when=20
done by a layman.</P>
<P>"<I>He went to his bull.</I>" Why did he not say in the first =
confession,=20
"The sons of Aaron, Thy holy people," but does so in</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_64><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 64</FONT></A></P>
<P>the second? The disciples of R. Ishmael taught: So is it right =
according to=20
the law, for it is better that one guiltless should atone for the =
sinners than=20
that one not yet purified from sins himself should atone for other =
sinners.=20
(Before the first confession, he was not atoned for himself.)</P>
<P>MISHNA: He slaughtered it [the bull], and received in a basin its =
blood,=20
giving (presenting) it to him who stirred (mixed) it, on the fourth row =
of=20
marble stones in the Temple, that it should not become congealed. He =
took the=20
censer, mounted the top of the altar, and cleared the coals on either =
hand:=20
taking a censerful of the inner glowing coals, then he came down again, =
and=20
placed it [the censer] on the fourth row of stones in the forecourt.</P>
<P>Every day he scooped up with a silver censer, and emptied into a =
golden=20
vessel. On this day he filled a golden censer, and also carried it in. =
Every day=20
he used to scoop [the coals] up in one measuring 4 Kabs, and poured them =
into=20
one Of 3 Kabs; but on this day he filled one Of 3 Kabs, and also carried =
them in=20
it. R. Jose says: Every day he filled one of a Seah [6 Kabs], and =
emptied it=20
into one Of 3 Kabs; but on this day he filled one Of 3 Kabs, and carried =
them in=20
it.&nbsp;<A name=3Dfr_19></A><A=20
href=3D"http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/t03/yom09.htm#fn_19"><FONT=20
size=3D1>1</FONT></A> On all days it was a heavy (massive) one, but on =
this day he=20
took a light one. Every day its handle was short, on this day long; all =
days its=20
gold was yellow, but on that day red. This is according to R. Mena'hem. =
On all=20
days he used to offer half a Mina [50 Dinars in weight] of incense in =
the=20
morning, and one half in the evening; but on this day added a handful =
more.=20
Every day it was pounded finely, but on this day it was the finest [Lev. =
xvi.=20
12]. On all days priests went up on the eastern staircase [of the =
altar], and=20
descended on the western. On this day the high-priest went up on the =
middle one,=20
and came down on the same. R. Jehudah says: The high-priest ever mounts =
and=20
descends on the middle one. All days the high-priest washed his hands =
from the=20
laver, and on this day from the golden pitcher [cyathus]. R. Jehudah =
says: The=20
high-priest ever washes his hands and feet from a golden pitcher. All =
days there=20
were four fires [on the altar]; on that day five: this is according to =
R. Meir.=20
R. Jose says:</P>
<P></P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_65><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 65</FONT></A></P>
<P><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D-2>[paragraph continues]</FONT> Every day =
three, and=20
on this day four. R. Jehudah says: Every day two, on this day three.</P>
<P>GEMARA: The Mishna states: He gave it to one who stirred it, on the =
fourth=20
row of the marble stones. Is it not written [Lev. xvi. 17]: "And there =
shall not=20
be any man in the tabernacle"? Said R. Jehudah: Read not "of the Temple, =
but=20
"from the Temple"--the fourth row of stones away from the Temple.</P>
<P>The rabbis taught: It is written: "There shall not be any man in the=20
tabernacle." Shall we assume, that one may not be in the corridors =
either?=20
Therefore it is written, "in the tabernacle" (but outside one may). All =
this has=20
been said of the tabernacle in Shiloh. How is it known that it applied =
also to=20
the Temple in Jerusalem? Therefore it is written [ibid.], "in the holy =
place."=20
All this is said of the time when he offers the incense. How is it known =
that=20
when he sprinkles the blood no man should be in the holy place either? =
Therefore=20
it is written, "when he goeth in." But how is it known that no man is to =
be=20
found there till he comes out? Because it is written, "until he come =
out." After=20
that it is written, "shall he make an atonement for himself, and for his =

household, and for the whole congregation of Israel"; from this is seen =
that=20
first he must atone for himself, then for his household, then for the =
priests,=20
and then for Israel.</P>
<P>The Master says: It only applies to the time when he offers the =
incense.=20
Whence is this inferred? Said Rabba, and so said also R. Itz'hak b. R. =
Dimi, and=20
also R. Elazar: It is written: "He shall make an atonement for himself, =
for his=20
household, and for the whole congregation of Israel." What atones for =
all these=20
at once? Only the incense. But how is it known that incense atones at =
all? Yea,=20
for R. Hanania has taught: How is it known that incense atones? Because =
it is=20
written [Num. xvii. 12]: "And he put on the incense, and made an =
atonement for=20
the people." And the disciples of R. Ishmael have taught: For what does =
the=20
incense atone? Slander. Why? Slander is (quietly) done, so incense is =
(quietly)=20
offered.</P>
<P>"<I>Every day he scooped up with a silver censer</I>," etc. What is =
the=20
reason (why not a golden one)? Because the Torah has been sparing of =
Israel's=20
wealth.</P>
<P>"<I>On this day he filled a golden censer</I>," etc. Why did he not =
do on=20
this day as on all days? Because of the high-priest's weakness (from=20
fasting).</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_66><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 66</FONT></A></P>
<P>"<I>One measuring four Kabs</I>," etc. We have learned in a Boraitha: =
If one=20
Kab of coals was spilled on the ground, he swept them into the trench. =
In one=20
Boraitha we have learned one Kab, and in another, two Kabs? It is right, =

<I>one</I>. This is according to the rabbis, who say he emptied one of =
four Kabs=20
into one of three; but this is neither according to the rabbis nor R. =
Jose=20
(according to whom <I>three</I> Kabs were left over). Said R. Hisda: The =

Boraitha is according to R. Ishmael the son of R. Johanan b. Beroqa of =
the=20
following Boraitha, who says that he carried them into the Holy of =
Holies only=20
in a censer of <I>two</I> Kabs. R. Ashi says this Boraitha can be =
according to=20
R. Jose, and can be explained thus: Every day he used one of a =
<I>Seah</I> of=20
the desert, which is one-sixth less than a <I>Seah</I> of Jerusalem, and =
emptied=20
it into one of three Jerusalem <I>Seahs</I>.</P>
<P>"<I>It was a massive one</I>," etc. We have learned in a Boraitha: On =
all=20
days its sides were thick, but on that day thin. Every day the handle =
was short,=20
and this day long? That the high-priest should not need to make such an =
effort=20
to hold it.</P>
<P>In another Boraitha we have learned: Every day the censer was without =
a bell,=20
and on this day with a bell ("His sounds shall be heard when he goeth in =
into=20
the holy place" [Exod. xxviii. 38], since he carried it in&nbsp;in his =
white=20
garments devoid of bells), so said the son of the Segan.</P>
<P>"<I>The gold was yellow</I>," etc. Said R. Hisda: Seven kinds of gold =
there=20
are: Gold, and good gold, gold of Ophir, best gold [Muphaz], beaten gold =

[Sha'hut], pure gold [Sagur], and gold of Parvaim. Gold and good gold, =
as it is=20
written [Gen. ii. 12]: "And the gold of that land is good"; gold of =
Ophir, which=20
comes from Ophir; best gold, which is scintillating [1 Kings x. 18]; =
beaten=20
gold, which is ductile like wire; pure gold-when this gold is exhibited =
all=20
other wares are locked up; that of Parvaim is like blood of bulls in =
redness. R.=20
Ashi says: There were only five, only there was gold of each kind of =
good and=20
bad quality; hence "gold" and "good gold" are deducted. We have learned =
also in=20
a Boraitha: All days the gold was yellow; this day it was of Parvaim, =
which is=20
red like the blood of a cow.</P>
<P>"<I>Finely pounded, but this day finest</I>." The rabbis taught =
(whence do we=20
deduce this?): Because it is already written [Ex. xxx. 36]: "Thou shalt =
pound=20
some of it fine." Why has it to be repeated, "finely pounded"? That =
means, on=20
this day it must be finest.</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_67><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 67</FONT></A></P>
<P>"<I>Washed his hands from the laver, on this day from the golden=20
pitcher</I>." Why so? For the honor of the high-priest.</P>
<P>"<I>All days there were four fires</I>," etc. The rabbis taught: All =
days=20
were two, this day three; namely, one, the ordinary large fire, the =
second for=20
the incense, one for this special day (for the extra incense of the Holy =
of=20
Holies). So says R. Jehudah. R. Jose says: All days were three, this day =
four;=20
namely, those enumerated by R. Jehudah, and one to keep the fire =
perpetual, as=20
it is written: "A perpetual fire shall be burning upon the altar, it =
shall not=20
go out" [Lev. vi. 6], and one specially for this day. Rabbi says: "On =
all days=20
four, this day five." The four above mentioned, and one for the =
unconsumed=20
sacrifices which had not yet been burned in the evening.</P>
<P>Now, we see that all agree that this day a special fire was made. =
Whence do=20
they deduce this? From the expression, "and the fire" [ibid. 5]. And =
even he who=20
does not deduce it from the "<I>and</I>," deduces it from "<I>and =
the</I>."=20
What? As we have learned in the following Boraitha: It is written, "a =
perpetual=20
fire, it shall not go out." This is to teach that the second fire shall =
be on=20
the outer altar. But how do we know there had to be fires for the censer =
and=20
lamps? Therefore it is written, "perpetual fire shall be burning on the =
altar,=20
it shall not be extinguished." This signifies, the perpetual fire of the =
lamps=20
which, I have taught you, shall be taken only from the outer altar. From =
this we=20
know that on the altar must be kept fire for the lamps, but whence do we =
deduce=20
that fire for the incense must be kept also? Therefore it is written =
[Lev. xvi.=20
12]: "He shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the =
altar,=20
from before the Lord." When do we find an altar which was partly before =
the=20
Lord, and partly away <I>from</I> the Lord? We must say that was the =
outer=20
altar, which was in part outside in the forecourt.</P>
<P>R. Elazar said in the name of Bar Qapara: R. Meir said, if members of =
the=20
burnt-offering were left from the day before, he made a separate fire, =
and had=20
them consumed, even on Sabbath. What does he come to teach us? We have =
learned=20
in the Mishna that there were four fires? Said R. Abhin: He informs us, =
that=20
even the members of a burnt-offering which had become invalid, were =
burnt by a=20
separate fire, provided that they had been already attacked by the fire =
of the=20
day before, but not those not touched by the fire. This we have also =
learned in=20
the Mishna; namely, this day five? Says R. A'ha b. Jacob: He had to =
teach this=20
to</P>
<P><A name=3Dpage_68><FONT color=3Dgreen size=3D1>p. 68</FONT></A></P>
<P>us. We might think all this applies to a Day of Atonement which falls =
on a=20
Sunday, as we had learned somewhere else, that the fat left over from =
Sabbath=20
should be burnt on the Day of Atonement next to it; but we might think, =
if it=20
fell on other days of the week he had not to do so. Therefore he tells =
us.</P>
<P>Says Rabba: Who is this man, that hears not what he speaks? In the =
Mishna it=20
is said: "Every day." So it is all days of the week. The objection =
remains.</P>
<P>It was taught: If one extinguishes the fire of the censer, and of the =
lamps,=20
Abayi says he is culpable. Rabba says: He is guiltless. If he has taken =
it from=20
the altar to light it and has dropped it on the ground, and it is =
extinguished,=20
all agree, he is not culpable; but if he took it from off the altar, and =

extinguished it there, Abayi says he is culpable, since it is the fire =
of the=20
altar, of which it is written, "It shall not go out." Rabba says he is=20
guiltless: the moment he has removed it from the altar, the fire is not =
regarded=20
any more as that of the altar. Now, what R. Na'hman has said in the name =
of=20
Rabba b. Abahu, that he who has taken a coal from the altar, and =
extinguished=20
it, is culpable, will be neither according to Abayi nor to Rabba? What=20
comparison is there? In that case he took it for a religious purpose, to =
light=20
the lamp, or so, and it was extinguished, but in this case he removed a =
coal and=20
extinguished it wantonly.</P>
<HR>

<H3 align=3Dcenter>Footnotes</H3>
<P><A name=3Dfn_19></A><A=20
href=3D"http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/t03/yom09.htm#fr_19">64:1</A> =
The reason=20
is, because the coals must be live coals, so as to give a flame. As the =
top ones=20
become somewhat dull, he drops them on the floor and only the middle =
ones are=20
used, They differ, however, as to the measure of coals extinguished. =
According=20
to the rabbis, no more than one quarter of the amount extinguishes, =
while=20
according to R. Jose about one half extinguishes.</P>
<P>
<HR>

<CENTER><A href=3D"http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/t03/yom10.htm">Next: =
Chapter V:=20
Remaining Services of the High-Priest</A></CENTER></BODY></HTML>

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