From: Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?The_Structure_?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?of_the_DNA_Mol?= =?iso-8859-1?Q?ecule?= Date: Tue, 20 Jan 2004 10:13:12 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0149_01C3DF3E.03003EE0"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.3314.1001 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0149_01C3DF3E.03003EE0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: =?iso-8859-1?B?aHR0cDovL3d3dy5hY2M=?= =?iso-8859-1?B?ZXNzZXhjZWxsZW5jZS4=?= =?iso-8859-1?B?b3JnL0FFL0FFQy9DQy8=?= =?iso-8859-1?B?RE5BX2dsb3NzYXJ5Lmg=?= =?iso-8859-1?B?dG1s?= The Structure of the DNA Molecule

The Structure of the DNA Molecule
Glossary

Access Excellence Classic Collection

Adenine: A nitrogenous base. Pairs with thymine in DNA=20 molecules.=20

Bacteriophage: A virus whose host is a bacterium. Also = called=20 phage.=20

Base: See nitrogenous=20 base.=20

Base Pair: Two nitrogenous bases held together by weak = bonds. In=20 a DNA molecule adenine always pairs with thymine while cytosine = always=20 pairs with guanine. Thus, one DNA strand directs the synthesis of = the=20 other strand. This specificity of DNA base pairing is what enables = accurate replication of a DNA molecule.=20

Chromosome: a self-replicating genetic structure, = composed=20 primarily of proteins and DNA, which carry nucleotide sequences = known as=20 genes.=20

Complementary base pair: a pair of bases in which the = identity=20 of one base defines the identity of its partner base. E.g.: In a = DNA=20 molecule there are two complementary base pairs--Adenine and = thymine, and=20 guanine and cytosine.=20

Cytosine: A nitrogenous base. Pairs with guanine in DNA=20 molecules.=20

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): the molecule that encodes = genetic=20 information. DNA is composed of two anti-parallel strands which = wind about=20 a common axis to form a double helix. Each strand of DNA is = composed of a=20 linear array of nucleotides bonded in such a way that the bases = extend=20 toward the central axis of the molecule while the two backbones = are=20 composed of alternating sugar and phosphate subunits. The bases of = the two=20 strands are weakly bonded to each other in a complementary = fashion. In=20 other words, an adenine is always bound to a thymine while a = cytosine is=20 always bound to a guanine.=20

Gene: An ordered sequence of nucleotides which act as = the=20 functional subunit of hereditary information. The collection of = genes in=20 an organism determine the characteristics of that organism.=20

Guanine: A nitrogenous base. Pairs with cytosine in DNA=20 molecules.=20

Meiosis: the process of cell division in which a single = cell=20 produces four daughter cells each of which contains half of the = number of=20 chromosomes of the parent cell. For example, a single diploid=20 spermatogonium (primordial germ cell) will divide meiotically to = produce 4=20 haploid sperm cells.=20

Mitosis: the process of cell division in which a single = cell=20 produces two daughter cells which are identical to on another, and = to the=20 original parent cell.=20

Nitrogenous base: a molecule with = the=20 properties of a base, which also contains the element nitrogen.=20

Nucleic acid: a large molecule composed of repeating = nucleotides=20

Nucleotide: A subunit of DNA or RNA composed of a = nitrogenous=20 base, a phosphate molecule, and a pentose sugar molecule.=20

Pentose sugar: A sugar molecule containing five carbon = atoms.=20 E.g.: deoxyribose.=20

Phage: A virus which infects a bacterial cell. Also = called a=20 Bacteriophage.=20

Purine: A nitrogen- containing, single ring compound = that occurs=20 in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the purines are adenine and = guanine.=20

Pyrimidine: A nitrogen containing, double ring compound = that=20 occurs in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the pyrimidines are = cytosine=20 and thymine.=20

Radioactive phosphorus (32P): radioactive isotope of = 31P, an=20 element found in DNA molecules.=20

Radioactive sulfur (35S): radioactive isotope of 32S, an = element=20 found in proteins=20

T Phages: A phage which infects Escherichia coli. Viral=20 parasites of this type are labeled T1 through T7. T2 was the first = phage=20 observed under the electron microscope.=20

Thymine: A nitrogenous base. Pairs with adenine in DNA=20 molecules.=20

Virus: A particle consisting of a nucleic acid core = surrounded=20 by a protein coat. New virus particles can only be produced by a = cell=20 which is infected by the virus.=20

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