[3] Order in the Genetic Code

From: Subject: [3] Order in the Genetic Code Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 11:19:39 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01C3E010.7588BD20"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1165 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C3E010.7588BD20 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.web-books.com/MoBio/Free/Ch3E4.htm [3] Order in the Genetic Code

MoBio Contents =	Order in the=20 Genetic Code
Chapter=20 3	A \| B \| C \| D \| E \| F \| G \| H=20

The genetic code is not randomly assigned. If an amino = acid is=20 coded by several codons, they often share the same sequence in the = first=20 two positions and differ in the third position. Such = assignment is=20 accomplished by the design of wobble=20 position, but "the evolutionary dynamic that shaped the = code=20 remains a mystery". See

Aminoacyl-tRN= A=20 Synthetases, the Genetic Code, and the Evolutionary Process -=20 Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2000.

Figure 3-E-4. The genetic code as given in Figure = 3-E-1, but=20 arranged according to the physical=20 properties of amino acids.

From the above figure, we see that the amino acids with close = physical=20 properties have similar codons. For example, both Asp and = Glu are=20 negatively charged. Their codons all contain "GA" in the = first two=20 positions. The physical properties of Ser and Thr are also = very=20 close. They are coded by UCN and ACN (N =3D any),=20 respectively.

One advantage for this assignment is to reduce the damage = caused by=20 replication errors or other mutations. For instance, if the = third=20 nucleotide of Ser codon is mutated, the produced amino acid = remains=20 Ser. If the first nucleotide of Ser codon is mutated to A, = it will=20 produce Thr, which is similar to Ser. Such mutation will not = have=20 significant effect on the protein's structure and function. = Let us=20 consider a hypothetical case that codons are randomly assigned. = Suppose=20 Ser were coded by GAG, GUA, GCU and UGG; Thr were = coded by=20 AAA, AGU, UUU and CCC. Then, any mutation would produce an = amino=20 acid different from Ser and Thr.

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